Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa PAC pochiza madzi amagetsi otenthetsera magetsi

1. Pre-mankhwala amadzimadzimadzimadzi

Natural madzi matupi zambiri amakhala matope, dongo, humus ndi zina inaimitsidwa nkhani ndi colloidal zonyansa ndi mabakiteriya, bowa, algae, mavairasi ndi tizilombo tina, ali ndi bata lina m'madzi, ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha madzi turbidity, mtundu ndi fungo.Zinthu za organic zochulukirazi zimalowa mu exchanger ya ayoni, zimayipitsa utomoni, zimachepetsa kusinthana kwa utomoni, komanso zimakhudzanso mtundu wamadzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi.Chithandizo cha coagulation, kufotokozera kukhazikika komanso kusefera ndikuchotsa zonyansa izi ngati cholinga chachikulu, kuti zomwe zili mumadzi zimachepetsedwa kukhala zosakwana 5mg/L, ndiko kuti, kuti mumve bwino.Izi zimatchedwa pretreatment madzi.Pambuyo pokonzekeratu, madzi amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati madzi opopera pokhapokha pamene mchere wosungunuka m'madzi umachotsedwa ndi ion exchange exchange ndipo mpweya wosungunuka m'madzi umachotsedwa ndi kutentha kapena kupukuta kapena kuwomba.Ngati zonyansazi sizikuchotsedwa poyamba, chithandizo chotsatira (desalting) sichingachitike.Choncho, mankhwala coagulation madzi ndi ulalo wofunika mu ndondomeko madzi mankhwala.

Njira yopangira mphamvu yamagetsi yotenthetsera isanayambike ndi motere: madzi osaphika → coagulation → mpweya ndi kuwunikira → kusefera.The coagulants ambiri ntchito coagulation ndondomeko ndi polyaluminium kolorayidi, polyferric sulphate, zotayidwa sulphate, ferric trichloride, etc. Zotsatirazi makamaka limayambitsa ntchito polyaluminium kolorayidi.

Polyaluminiyamu kolorayidi, wotchedwa PAC, zachokera zotayidwa phulusa kapena zotayidwa mchere monga zopangira, pa kutentha ndi kuthamanga ena ndi alkali ndi zotayidwa anachita opangidwa polima, zopangira ndi kupanga ndondomeko ndi osiyana, specifications mankhwala si ofanana.Molecular formula ya PAC [Al2(OH)nCI6-n]m, pomwe n ikhoza kukhala nambala iliyonse pakati pa 1 ndi 5, ndipo m ndi chiwerengero cha cluster 10. PAC imabwera mowirikiza komanso mowirikiza.

2.Coagulation makina

Pali zitatu zazikulu zotsatira za coagulants pa colloidal particles m'madzi: magetsi neutralization, adsorption bridging ndi kusesa.Zomwe mwazinthu zitatuzi ndizofunika kwambiri zimadalira mtundu ndi mlingo wa coagulant, chikhalidwe ndi zomwe zili mu colloidal particles m'madzi, ndi pH mtengo wa madzi.Njira yogwiritsira ntchito polyaluminium chloride ndi yofanana ndi ya aluminium sulphate, ndipo khalidwe la aluminium sulphate m'madzi limatanthawuza njira ya Al3 + kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hydrolyzed.

Polyaluminiyamu mankhwala enaake akhoza kuonedwa ngati mankhwala osiyanasiyana wapakatikati m`kati hydrolysis ndi polymerization wa zotayidwa kolorayidi mu Al(OH) 3 zinthu zina.Imakhala mwachindunji m'madzi mu mawonekedwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya polymeric ndi A1 (OH) a (s), popanda njira ya hydrolysis ya Al3 +.

3. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukopa zinthu

1. Kutentha kwa madzi

Kutentha kwa madzi kumakhala ndi mphamvu yodziwikiratu pamankhwala a coagulation.Pamene kutentha kwa madzi ndi otsika, ndi hydrolysis wa coagulant ndi zovuta, makamaka pamene kutentha madzi ndi otsika kuposa 5 ℃, mlingo hydrolysis ndi wodekha, ndi flocculant anapanga ali lotayirira dongosolo, okhutira madzi mkulu ndi particles zabwino.Kutentha kwamadzi kukakhala kotsika, kusungunuka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumawonjezeka, nthawi ya flocculation ndi yayitali, ndipo kuchuluka kwa matope kumachedwa.Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kutentha kwamadzi kwa 25 ~ 30 ℃ ndikoyenera.

2. pH mtengo wa madzi

Njira ya hydrolysis ya polyaluminium kolorayidi ndi njira yotulutsira H + mosalekeza.Choncho, pansi pa pH mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana, padzakhala osiyana hydrolysis intermediates, ndi zabwino pH mtengo wa polyaluminium kolorayidi coagulation mankhwala nthawi zambiri pakati 6.5 ndi 7.5.The coagulation zotsatira ndi apamwamba panthawiyi.

3. Mlingo wa coagulant

Pamene kuchuluka kwa coagulant kuwonjezeredwa sikukwanira, turbidity yotsalira m'madzi otuluka imakhala yokulirapo.Pamene kuchuluka ndi lalikulu kwambiri, chifukwa colloidal particles m'madzi adsorb kwambiri coagulant, mlandu katundu wa colloidal particles kusintha, chifukwa mu otsala turbidity mu effluent ukuwonjezeka kachiwiri.Njira ya coagulation si njira yosavuta yamankhwala, kotero mlingo wofunikira sungathe kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi kuwerengera, koma uyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi madzi enieni kuti mudziwe mlingo woyenera;Pamene khalidwe la madzi likusintha nyengo, mlingo uyenera kusinthidwa moyenera.

4. Njira yolumikizirana

Mu ndondomeko ya coagulation mankhwala kapena mankhwala mpweya, ngati pali kuchuluka kwa matope wosanjikiza madzi, zotsatira za coagulation mankhwala akhoza kwambiri bwino.Ikhoza kupereka malo akuluakulu, kupyolera mu adsorption, catalysis ndi crystallization core, kusintha zotsatira za chithandizo cha coagulation.

Coagulation precipitation ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza madzi pakadali pano.Polyaluminiyamu kolorayidi makampani ntchito ngati madzi mankhwala flocculant, ndi ntchito zabwino coagulant, lalikulu floc, zochepa mlingo, dzuwa mkulu, mofulumira mpweya, lonse ntchito osiyanasiyana ndi ubwino wina, poyerekeza ndi chikhalidwe flocculant mlingo akhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi 1/3 ~ 1 / 2, mtengo ukhoza kupulumutsidwa 40%.Kuphatikizidwa ndi ntchito ya fyuluta yopanda valavu ndi fyuluta ya carbon activated, turbidity ya madzi aiwisi imachepetsedwa kwambiri, khalidwe laukhondo la dongosolo la mchere limapangidwa bwino, komanso kusinthana kwa utomoni wa desalt kumawonjezeka, ndipo mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito umachepetsedwa.