Mankhwala ndi njira yochotsera ammonia nayitrogeni kuchokera kumadzi

1.Kodi Ammonia nitrogen ndi ndani?

Amoni a nayitrogeni amatanthauza ammonia mu mawonekedwe a ammonia waulere (kapena osakhala a ammonia yaulere, NH3) kapena Ionic Ammonia (NHH4). Kuchuluka kwa Ph ndi kwakukulu kwa ma ammonia aulere; M'malo mwake, mchere wa mchere ndi wokwera.

Amoni a nayitrogeni ndi madzi am'madzi, omwe amatha kubweretsa madzi otuwa, ndipo ndiye mafuta akulu okometsera odetsa m'madzi, omwe ndi poizoni ku nsomba ndi zinthu zina zam'madzi.

Mphamvu yayikulu yoyipa ya ammonia nayitrogeni pa a ammonia aulere, omwe kuwopa kwake kumachitika nthawi zambiri kuposa mchere wa ammonium. Amoni a nayitrogeni ndi yogwirizana kwambiri ndi mtengo wa pH ndi kutentha kwa madzi kwa madzi a dziwe, kwakukulu, mtengo wambiri wa pH.

Njira ziwiri zofananira za masiketi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posankha ammonia ndi njira yotsogola kwambiri komanso njira ya phenollorite. Mitengo ndi njira zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito posankha ammonia; Pamene ammonia nayitrogen ali okwera, njira yolowerera yamilandu iyenera kugwiritsidwanso ntchito. .

2.HoRorcal ndi mankhwala a nayitrogen

Njira yamankhwala yopanda mankhwala

Njira ya mankhwala, imadziwikanso ngati njira yamapu yamtundu wa map, ndikuwonjezera magnesium acid kapena phosrogen phosphan to plasmuum magnetium phosmon, kuti atero kukwaniritsa cholinga chochotsa nayitrogeni nayitrogeni. Magnesium amonium phosphate, odziwika bwino kwambiri monga chikurvite, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kompositi, zowonjezera nthaka kapena moto wokhazikika wopanga zopanga. Equation yotsatirayi ili motere:

Mg ++ nh4 + + po4 - = mggy4p04

Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali, kutentha, ammonien ndende komanso molar, n (p04-)). Zotsatira zake zikuwonetsa kuti mtengo wa pH ndi gawo la magnesium, nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous ndi 1.2: 1: 1.2, The mankhwala zotsatira zili bwino.

Pogwiritsa ntchito magnesium chloride ndi disdodium hydrogen phosphate monga othandizira, zotsatira zake zimawonetsa kuti zotsatira za magnesium, nitrogen ndi phosphorous ndi 1.2: 1: 1.

Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti MGC12 + Na3po4.12H20 ndi apamwamba kuposa kuphatikiza kwina. Mtengo wa PH ndi 10.0, kutentha ndi 30 ℃, n (mg +): n (n (1: 1: 1)

Njira yamankhwala yolimba ndi membrane njira zimaphatikizidwa zochizira kwambiri maamporstrial a ammonia nayitrogeni zinyalala. Pansi pa kukhathamiritsa njira, ma ammonia naitrogen adafika 98.1%, kenako chithandizo chowonjezera cha ficy fict mpaka 0.005g / l, ndikufikira National Standard Standard.

Kuchotsa zitsulo zazitsulo za smuya (N I +, MN +, ZN + Cu +, Fe + Njira yatsopano ya Caso4 yosungirako map, mapa map idapangidwira madzi a ammonium sulfate madzi. Zotsatira zake zikuwonetsa kuti gulu la a Naoh Armilator ikhoza kusinthidwa ndi laimu.

Ubwino wa njira yopepuka ya mankhwala ndikuti pamene kuchuluka kwa madzi amtundu wa nayinegen ndi okwera, njira yolekanitsira njira, njira yolekanitsa ya ion, njira yamankhwala ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza. Kuchotsa Mothandizidwa ndi Njira Yopatsirana Kumakhala bwino, ndipo sikochepa ndi kutentha, ndipo opareshoni ndi yosavuta. Msuzi wokhazikika wokhala ndi magnesium amonium phosphate angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati feteleza wophatikizira kuti azindikire chiwonongeko, motero gawo la mtengo wa mtengo wake; Ngati zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi mabizinesi ena opanga mafakitale ndi mabizinesi amchere opanga mchere, amatha kupulumutsa ndalama zam'madzi ndikuwongolera ndalama zazikulu.

Choyipa cha njira yopepuka yamankhwala ndichakuti chifukwa cha kuletsa kwa magmonity magnecium magnesium phosphate, zotsatira za Ammonia utawonekeratu ndipo mtengo wowonjezerawu udakula kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, njira yopangira mankhwala mpweya imayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi njira zina zoyenera kulandira chithandizo chapamwamba. Kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizokulirapo, ma sludge omwe amapangidwa ndi akulu, ndipo mtengo wamankhwala ndi wokwera. Kukhazikitsa kwa chloride mayoni ndi zotsalira za phosphorous pa dosing ma decond imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwachiwiri.

Worlesale Alumini Telfate Wopanga ndi Wopereka | Nthawi zonse (Cnchemist.com)

Wogulitsa Wonse Dibosic Soumuum Phusphate Wopanga ndi Wopereka | Nthawi zonse (Cnchemist.com)

②bow njira

Kuchotsa kwa ammonia nayitrogeni pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowombera ndikusintha njira ya alkaline, kotero kuti ammonia ion mu madzi otetemera, kenako ndikukwaniritsa cholinga chochotsa nayitrogeni nayitrogeni. Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zomwe zikukhudza kutentha ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali, kutentha, kuchuluka kwa mpweya, kuchuluka kwa mpweya, kukhazikika koyambirira ndi zina zotero. Pakadali pano, njira yopumira imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza ammonia nayitrogeni.

Kuchotsedwa kwa ammonia nayitrogeni kuchokera ku Landfill Leachate mwa njira yowombera adaphunzitsidwa. Zinapezeka kuti zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimawongolera kuchita bwino - kuwonongeka kunali kutentha, kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi mtengo wa pH. Kutentha kwamadzi kuli koposa 2590, gawo lamadzi limakhala pafupifupi 3500, ndipo PH imakhala pafupifupi 90% ya Nitrogen Lealete ndi 2000hmg / l. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti PH = 11.5, kutentha kwa 80Ch ndi zowuma ndi 120min, kuchotsedwa kwa ammonia nayitrogeni mu madzi otayika 99.2%.

Kuphulika -kuwonongera kwa Ammonia nayitrogeni wa nayitrogeni unachitidwa ndi nsanja yowombera. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti kuwomba mothandizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mtengo wamtengo. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mafuta ndichakuti, chokulirapo chachikulu chomwe amayendetsa a ammonia akuchotsa misa ndi, ndipo mphamvu yophulika imachulukanso.

Kuchotsa kwa ammonia nayitrogeni pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowombera ndi yothandiza, yosavuta kugwira ntchito komanso yosavuta kuwongolera. Ma ammonia nayitrogeni amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira ya sulfuric acid, ndipo ndalama zopangidwa ndi sulufuly acid zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza. Njira yopumira ndiukadaulo womwe nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa mwakuthupi ndi mankhwala pakalipano. Komabe, njira yowonongeka imakhala ndi zovuta zina, monga kuwononga kopitilira muyeso, paphiri la nayitrogen kuchotsedwa kwa kutentha kochepa, komanso kuwonongeka kwachiwiri komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mpweya wowonda. Njira yophulika nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa ndi njira zina zamtundu wa ammonia wa nayirgen kuti ziwoneke kwambiri ammonia nitrogen zinyalala.

③break the chlorination

Njira yoperekera kwa Amonia imalandidwa ndi malo opumira ndikuti mpweya wa chlorine umagwira ndi ma ammonia kuti atulutse mpweya wopanda nayitrogeni, ndipo N2 imathawa mumlengalenga, ndikupangitsa kuti magwero ake apitirize kulondola. Njira yothandizira:

Hocl NH4 + 1.5 -> 0,5 N2 H20 H ++ + 2 2.5 + 1.5)

Pamene chlorine mpweya umasamutsidwa mu madzi owononga mpaka pomwe, zomwe zimakhudzana ndi chlorine zamadzi zimachepa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ammonia ndi zero. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa chlorine kukadutsa mfundo, kuchuluka kwa chlorine yaulere m'madzi kumawonjezeka, pomwe panali malo opumira, ndipo cholembera boma lino chimatchedwa chlorination.

Njira yopumira ya chlorina imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kubowola kobowola itaphulika, ndipo chithandizo chamankhwala chimakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi kukongoletsa kwa nayitrogeni pophulika. Pamene 70% ya ammonia nayitrogeni mu madzi a zinyalala amachotsedwa ndikuwombera popukutira chlorination chloria nayitrogeni mu 15mg / l. Zhang shengli et al. Anatenga ma Aalagen a Amonia nayitrogeni wotayidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa 100mg / l monga chinthu chofufuzira, ndipo zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti zinthu zazikulu ndi za chloria, komanso nthawi yamtengo wapatali.

Njira yopumira ya chrornan ili ndi nayitrogeni yochotsa mwachangu, muyeso wochotsa amatha kufikira 100%, ndipo ammonia ndende yowonongeka amatha kuchepetsedwa mpaka zero. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zokhazikika ndipo sizikhudzidwa ndi kutentha; Zida zochepa kwambiri, mwachangu komanso mayankho athunthu; Zimakhala ndi zotsatira za chosankha komanso kupewa matenda m'madzi. Kukula kwa njira yopumira ndikuti kuchuluka kwa madzi amtundu wa ammonia nayitrogeni ndi ochepera 40mg / l, kotero kuti njira yopukutira ya nayitaniyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa zinyalala za ammonia nayitrogeni. Kufunikira kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mosamala ndikusunga ndikokwera, mtengo wa chithandizo ndiwokwera, ndipo chroramines chlorins ndi orlorinated chopindika.

Njira ya Oxidation

Njira yotsatsira ya catalytic imadutsa chothandizira, pansi pa kutentha kwina komanso kukakamizidwa ndi mpweya, zomwe zimasungidwa ndi amon, n2 ndi h2o, kuti mukwaniritse cholinga cha kudziyeretsa.

Zinthu zomwe zikukhudza zotsatira za catalyctics ndi mawonekedwe, kutentha, nthawi, mankhunje a nayitrogeni ndende, kulimbikira, kulimbikira.

Njira yonyansa ya ammonia nayitrogen adaphunzitsidwa. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti mtengo wa PH ikawonjezeka, mtundu wa ho wowoneka bwino ndi kuthekera kwa mafuta ochulukitsa kumapangidwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa oxididation kunamthamangitsidwa kwakukulu. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti ozone amatha maxidize nayitrogeni kupita ku nitrite ndi nitrite ku nitrate. Kukhazikika kwa ammonia nayitrogeni m'madzi kumachepetsa ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi, ndipo kuchotsa kwa ammonia naitrogen kuli pafupifupi 82%. COO-MN02-CE02 idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chotakamwa chopangira ammonia cha nayitrogeni. Zotsatira zoyesera zikuwonetsa kuti ntchito yotsatsira yomwe idakonzedwa kumene itasintha kwambiri, ndipo mikhalidwe yoyenera ndi 255 ℃, 4.2MPA ndi Ph = 10.8. Mankhwalawa ammonia nayitrogeni wotayika ndi ndende yoyambirira ya 1023mg / l, kuchotsedwa kwa ma ammonia naitrogeni akhoza kufikira 150min mkati mwa 150in, l

Ntchito yogwira ntchito ya Moolite idathandizira Tio2 Photocatalyst idasambitsidwa pophunzirapo kanthu popendekera kuwonongeka kwa ammonia nayitrogeni ku sulfurnic acid. Zotsatira zake zikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka koyenera kwa ti02 / zeolite Photocatalyst ndi 1.5g / l ndipo nthawi yochita 4h pansi pa Iltraviolet Irradiation. Kuchotsa kwa ammonia nayitrogeni kuchokera ku madzi otayika kumatha kufikira 98.92%. Kuchotsa kwa chitsulo chachikulu ndi nano-Chin Dioxide Pansi pa Ultraviolet Kuwala pa phenol ndi ammonia nayitrogeni adaphunzitsidwa. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti kuchotsa kwa ammonia nayitrogeni ndi 97.5% pomwe PH = 9,5 amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 50mg / l, omwe ali ndi zaka 7.8% kuposa inchide yekha.

Njira yotsatsira ya catalytic imakhala ndi maubwino oyeretsera bwino, njira yosavuta, malo ochepa kwambiri, etc., ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa zinyalala zambiri za Ammonia. Kuvutikira ntchito ndi momwe mungapewere kuwonongeka kwa zida zothandizira komanso kuwononga zida.

⑤electrochemication njira yotsatsira

Njira yotsatsira oxmadroche ya oxadimation imatanthawuza njira yochotsa zodetsa m'madzi pogwiritsa ntchito ma elekitirotion ndi ntchito yazovuta. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisonkhezeke ndizakudya, nthawi yotentha, nthawi yotulutsa komanso njira yothetsera.

Mankhwala a ma ammocheterical a ammonia-nayitrogeni mu cell yoyenda ya electrolytic adaphunzitsidwa, komwe ali ndi chiyembekezo TI / RU02-IR02-IRC2-IR02-Snow Magetsi magetsi a TI. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti nthawi yomwe chloride ion ion ikayamba 400mg / l, nthawi ya ma ammun / mphindi, ma ammun, komanso a ammonia andmonia pochotsa 99.37%. Zimawonetsa kuti makoko a electolylylylylylylylytic a madzi otayirata a ammonia-nayitrogeni ali ndi chiyembekezo chabwino chotsatira.

3..

①

NJIRA YONSE NDIPO KUSINTHA KWA NTHAWI ZONSE NDI mtundu wa njira yachilengedwe yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali pakadali pano. Imasanduliza ammonia nayitrogeni mu madzi kulowa mu nayitrogeni kudzera munthawi zingapo zomwe zimachitika komanso kutsutsidwa mothandizidwa ndi ma tizilombo osiyanasiyana. Njira ya Nitration ndi kutsutsira kuchotsa ammonia nayitrogeni akuyenera kudutsa magawo awiri:

Kuchita Nitration Kuchita: Kuchita kwa Nitration kumatsirizidwa ndi aerobic autotrophics. Mu aerobic State, nayitrogeni avoronon amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la nayitrogeni kuti asinthe NH4, + kukhala no2-, kenako nkukhala osayatsidwa ndi No. Njira yodziwitsa itration ikhoza kugawidwa magawo awiri. Mu gawo lachiwiri, nitrite wasinthidwa kukhala nitrate (mwa not-) mwa nitrive yothira mabakiteriya, ndipo nitrite wasinthidwa kukhala nitrate (pa NO3-) polemba mabakiteriya.

Kutsutsa Kukana: Kutsiliza Kunja kwa njira yomwe ku Detritrive ndi komwe ku Detritfictive nitragen ndi nitrate nayitrogeni ku nayitrogeni (N2) mu Hypoxia. Detiritiverive loderia ndi microphicems, ambiri a mabakiteriya a amrhictic. Mu mkhalidwe wa hypoxia, amagwiritsa ntchito okosijeni ku nitrate monga wovomerezeka ndi zinthu zovomerezeka (bod chinthu chopangidwa (bod compic mu chimbudzi) monga wopereka election

Njira yonse itrimation ndi ku Deratiriction Engider (A2o, oxidation Disch, etc., yomwe ndi njira yokhwima kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso malonda a nayitrogen.

Njira yonse yoyimitsa komanso njira yopatsirana ili ndi maubwino okhazikika, opaleshoni yosavuta, palibe chotupa chachiwiri komanso mtengo wotsika. Njira iyi ilinso ndi zovuta zina, monga gwero la kaboni liyenera kuwonjezeredwa, malowo ndi owopsa, omwe amafunikira kuti achotsedwe pa microorganisms isanachitike. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ammonia nayitrogeni mu madzi otayika nawonso ali ndi vuto lililonse pazinthu zosayenera. Chifukwa chake, zolangika ziyenera kuchitidwa pamaso pa matenda a Ammonia a Amonia a Amonih Njira yachikhalidwe ndi yoyenera chithandizo chochepa cha aaporten a Amonia Nayigen omwe ali ndi vuto lokhala ndi zoopsa, monga kuwonongeka kwanyumba, madzi onyansa, etc.

Itrimical Itrition ndi ku Dettirika (SND)

Pamene nyitirika ndi kutsutsidwa zimachitika limodzi mu Jacrocy yemweyo, amatchedwa chimbudzi munthawi yomweyo kutsutsidwa (SND). Oxygen osungunuka mu madzi osungunuka amachepetsedwa ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa mpweya wosungunuka mu microben patali kwambiri pa microbial frobilial pabowo kapena kufalitsa mabakiteriya komanso mabakiteriya. Kuyaku kwakuya kwa gulu kapena nembane, kutsitsa kwa mpweya wosungunuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kudzoza komwe kunyoza mabakiteriya kumawonda. Mwakutero kapangidwe ka muyeso munthawi yomweyo ndi njira yotsutsira. Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza chimbudzi nthawi imodzi ndi kutsutsidwa ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali, kutentha, kwacality, kaboni, kaboni kaboni, kusungunuka kwa okosijeni ndi msinkhu.

Nthawi yomweyo nitrimication / kutsutsidwa komweko ma fodya, ndipo kupsinjika kwa mpweya wosungunuka pakati pa chokhazikika pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mpweya wosungunuka m'munsi mwa osungirako ma carrousel idalipo. Mapangidwe ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ma nitrate nayitrogeni pachigawo chilichonse cha njirayi chimakhala chotsika kwambiri, chomwe chikuwonetsa kuti kusanja ndi kutsimikizira kumachitika nthawi yomweyo ma oxidal a nthawi yomweyo.

Phunziro lomwe limachitika pabanja la chimbudzi limawonetsa kuti codcr apamwamba, okwanira kutsutsidwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwa TN. Mphamvu ya mpweya wosungunuka pa nateridweng ndikutsitsimutsa ndizabwino. Pamene mpweya wosungunuka utayang'aniridwa pa 0,5 ~ 2mg / l, kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kwa nayitrogeni ndikwabwino. Nthawi yomweyo, njira yotsitsimutsa ndi kuzindikiritsa imapulumutsa riyactor, akufupikitsa nthawi, imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, zimasunga ndalama, ndipo ndizosavuta kusunga kakhoma.

Chimbudzi cha ③shot ndi kutsutsidwa

Mu riactor Irvoking, ammonia oxidin mabakiteriya amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku maxidize ma ammonia kuti akhazikike pansi pazinthu zachilengedwe, ndipo nitrite amapangika mwachindunji kuti abwerere nator ya elepoxia. Zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikumbukiro chachidule komanso kutsutsidwa ndi kutentha, ma ammonia aulere, mtengo wa pH ndi mpweya wosungunuka.

Zotsatira za kutentha kwakanthawi kosiyanasiyana kwa musulilantal chimbudzi popanda madzi am'madzi ndi municleantal chimbudzi ndi 30% madzi am'nyanja. Zotsatira zoyesera zikuwonetsa kuti: Kwa chimbudzi cha muunicles popanda madzi am'madzi, kukulitsa kutentha kumakhala koyenera kukwaniritsa nitration yochepa. Pamene gawo la madzi am'madzi munyumba m'mphepete mwa 30%, nitrication yochepa imatha kuchitika bwino pansi pa kutentha kwapakatikati. Makina a Delft University adapanga njira ya Sharon, kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwakukulu (pafupifupi 30-4090) kumakhala kovuta kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya, kotero kuti kuwongolera kachilombo ka SUTGE kuti athetse gawo la nitring.

Kutengera ndi kusiyana pakati pa oxygen pakati pa mabakiteriya a nitrite, mabakiteriya a Ecology a ENARECORY kuti akwaniritse nayiteji yopanga mpweya wosungunuka kuti uthetse mabakiteriya osungunula.

Zotsatira za kuyesapo kwa mankhwalawa pophika madzi ndi chizolowezi chachidule ndikuwonetsa kuti cod ya zipatso ndi 11010.4,540.1,540.1,540.1,540.4,540.1,540.4,540.4 197.1,14.2,181.5 ndi 0.4mg / l, motsatana. Mitengo yokonza yotsatira inali 83.6%, 97.2%, 66.4% ndi 99.6%, motsatana.

Kusakhalitsa kwachifupi ndi njira yotsutsira sikudutsa gawo la nitrate, kupulumutsa gwero la kaboni lofunikira pakuchotsa ndikuchotsa nayitrogeni. Ili ndi maubwino enanso a ammonia nayitrogeni zinyalala ndi kuchuluka kotsika c / n. Kusakhalitsa kwachifupi ndi ku Deratrika kuli ndi maubwino ochepera, kanthawi kochepa komanso kusunga mawu a reaction. Komabe, kusakhalitsa kwakanthawi komanso kutsuka kumafuna kusunthika komanso kosatha kwa nitrite, kotero momwe mungalepheretse bwino ntchito ya mabakiteriya omwe amakhala fungulo.

④ Anaerobic ammonia ma oxidation

Anaerobic ammoxidation ndi njira yolumikizira mabanki ya ammonia ya nayitrogeni ndi mabakiteriya okhala ndi nayitrophiic kapena nitrogen kapena nayitrogeni ngati elergen ngati wolandila ya electron monga Wovomerezeka ngati electron.

Zotsatira za kutentha ndi ph pazachilengedwe za Anammox adaphunziridwa. Zotsatira zake zinawonetsa kuti kutentha koyenera kalikonse ka 30 ℃ ndi fu mtengo inali 7.8. Kuthekera kwa Anaerobic Ammox riarch pochiza mchere wamtundu wapamwamba komanso madzi akhungu a nitrogen atasankhidwa. Zotsatira zake zinawonetsa kuti mchere wapamwamba kwambiri unalepheretsa mphamvu zoopsa za Anammox, ndipo zoletsa izi zidasintha. Ntchito ya Anaerobic Ammox ya slurege yolumikizidwa inali 67,5% yotsika kuposa yomwe imayendetsa yoyendetsa pansi pa mchere wa 30g.l-1). Ntchito ya Anammox ya slurege yovomerezeka inali 45.1% yotsika kuposa yomwe imayang'anira. Pamene ovomerezeka ovomerezeka adasamutsidwa kuchokera kudziko lapansi lamchere kupita kudera lotsika (palibe brine), Ammaerobic Ammox ntchito idachuluka ndi 43.1%. Komabe, riyakitala amakonda kutsika pomwe imayenda mumchere kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali.

Poyerekeza ndi chikhalidwe chachikhalidwe, Anaerobic Ammox ndiukadaulo wapadziko lonse lapansi wopanda fano la kaboni, kufunafuna kochepa kwa oxygen, sikufunikiranso kubwereketsa kosatha, komanso zopangira pang'ono. Zovuta za Anaerobic Ammox Ammox ndiosachedwa, buku la riyakitala ndi lalikulu, ndipo kaboni ndilofunika kwambiri kwa Anaerobic Ammox

4.Kuchotsa ndi Adsorption nayirogen kuchotsa njira

① njira yolekanitsira

Njira yolekanitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yosankhira ya nembanemba kuti muletse zinthuzo m'madzi, kuti akwaniritse cholinga cha ammonia nayitrogeni. Kuphatikiza osmosis yobwezeretsa, nanofultistration, akungoyipitsa membrane ndi electrodialysis. Zinthu zomwe zikukhudza kupatukana ndi membrane ndi mawonekedwe a membrane, kukakamizidwa kapena magetsi, kutentha ndi kutentha kwa nayitrogeni.

Malinga ndi mtundu wamadzi a ammonia nayitrogeni wotulutsidwa ndi osowa padziko lapansi, kuyesera kwa osmosis kumachitika ndi NH4C1 ndi Naci anayimira madzi onyansa. Zinapezeka kuti m'mikhalidwe yomweyo, kusintha masmosis kumakhala ndi Naci, pomwe Nhcl ali ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi. Kuchotsa kwa NH4C1 ndi 77.3% pambuyo pa mankhwala othandizira osmisis, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kukopeka kwa ammonia nayitrogeni zinyalala. Kusintha kwaukadaulo wa osmisis kumatha kupulumutsa mphamvu, kukhazikika kwamitundu yabwino, koma chlorine kukana, kuwonongeka kwa chipongwe sikuyenera.

Njira yolekanikirana ya membramical membrane idagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza leacashate leachate, kotero kuti 85% ~ 90% ya madzi owoneka bwino adatulutsidwa molingana ndi matope a chimbudzi chamadzimadzi. Ozturki et al. Adachita Daical Liayrill Edayri ku Turkey ndi neafutions membrane, ndipo kuchotsedwa kwa ammonia naitrogen kunali pafupifupi 72%. Membranetion Membrane amafunikira kukakamizidwa pang'ono kuposa nembanemba ya osmosis, yosavuta kugwira ntchito.

Njira za nyemba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ndi nayitrogeni wamkulu. Ammonia nayitrogeni m'madzi ali ndi ndalama zotsatirazi: NH4- + Oh- = Nhh3 + Pamene pH ya madzi a zinyalala ikuwonjezeka kapena kutentha kumakwera, kufananako kudzasunthira kumanja, ndi ammonium ion nh4- imakhala yaulere kwa a Gasaous NH4. Pakadali pano, gaseous nh3 amatha kulowa mayamwa madzi mu chipolopolo kuchokera ku chipolopolo kuchokera ku microvore pansi pa microvo logwera, omwe amatenga yankho ndi ionic nh4-. Sungani PH ya madzi otayika pamwamba 10, ndi kutentha pamwamba pa 35 ° C (pansi pa 50 ° C), kotero kuti NH4 mu gawo la zinyalala mosalekeza likhala nh3 mpaka mayamwidwe Gawo la Gawo. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa ammonia nayitrogeni m'mphepete mwa madzi atatsika mosalekeza. Ma acid mayamwidwe amadzimadzi, chifukwa pali mchere wa acid ndi nh4- Kumbali ina, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu kumatha kusintha kwambiri kuchotsera kwa ammonia nayitrogeni mu madzi otayika, ndipo mbali inayo, imachepetsa mtengo wonse wogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa.

②electrodialysis njira

Electrodialys ndi njira yochotsera zolimba zothetsera mayankho am'madzi pogwiritsa ntchito voliyumu pakati pa ma membrane awiriawiri. Pansi pa mphamvu ya m'manja, ammonia aon ndi ma iyoni madzi otayira-nayitrogeni amalemedwa kudzera mu nembanemba mu Ammonia-okhala ndi madzi okhazikika, kuti akwaniritse cholinga chochotsera.

Njira ya ma electrodialysis idagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza madzi otakamwa okhala ndi ammonia nayitrogeni ndikupeza zotsatira zabwino. Kwa 2000-3000mg / l ammonia nayitrogeni zinyalala, kuchotsera kwa ammonia nayitrogeni kumatha kupitilira 85%, ndipo madzi okhazikika amatha kupezeka ndi 8.9%. Kuchuluka kwa magetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi ya ma electrodialy kumachitika mofawirika ndi kuchuluka kwa ammonia nayitrogeni mu madzi otayika. Chithandizo cha electrodialysis cha zinyalala sichimachepera ndi mtengo wamtengo, kutentha ndi kukakamizidwa, ndipo ndikosavuta kugwira ntchito.

Ubwino wa kupatukana kwa membrane kumabwezeretsa kwambiri kwa ammonia nayitrogeni, ntchito yosavuta, zotsatira zokhazikika ndipo palibe mawonekedwe achiwiri. Komabe, pochiza kwambiri Ammonia nitrogen zinyalala, kupatula za membrane wokutidwa, zitsulo zina ndizosavuta kukula komanso zosinthika, ndikubwezeretsanso nthawi zambiri, ndikuwonjezera ndalamazo. Chifukwa chake, njirayi ndiyoyenera kwambiri yodziyimira kapena kutsika pang'ono kwa nayitrogeni.

Njira yosinthira

Njira yosinthira ion ndi njira yochotsera ammonia nayitrogeni kuchokera ku madzi otayirana pogwiritsa ntchito zida zokhala ndi ma adsorA mwamphamvu. Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimayendetsedwa kaboni, Zeolite, Montmorillonite ndi kusinthasintha. Zeolite ndi mtundu wa siyico-aluma ndi kapangidwe kazinthu zitatu, kapangidwe kake ndi mabowo, momwemonso nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mphamvu yosangalatsa, motero amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yochepetsetsa, momwemonso imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu cha Admorption a Admorgen zinyalala za mainjiniya. Zinthu zomwe zikukhudza chithandizo cha chipatala cha chipatala zimaphatikizapo kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ammmorogen a nayitrogeni, nthawi yolumikizana, nthawi ya PH ndi zina zotero.

Adsorption yochititsa chidwi ya Zeolite pa Ammonia nayitrogeni ndi yodziwikiratu, kutsatiridwa ndi Ranite, komanso zotsatira za dothi ndi Ceramus ndi wosauka. Njira yayikulu yochotsera ammonia nayitrogeni kuchokera ku Zeolite ndi Ion Kusinthana, ndi Adsorption Zovuta kwambiri. Ion Kusinthana Kwa Ceramite, Dothi ndi Ranite ndi wofanana ndi zotsatira za Adsorraption. Kuchuluka kwa mafayilo anayi a mafayilo anayiwo atakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa kutentha mu 15-35 ℃, ndikuwonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa pH mumitundu ya 3-9. Kufanana kwa ADSROREPE KULIMBIKIRA PAKATI PA 6H yoscillation.

Kuthekera kochotsa ammonia nayitrogeni kuchokera ku Landfill Leacashi ndi Zeolite Adsorption adaphunzitsidwa. Zotsatira zoyesera zikuwonetsa kuti gramu iliyonse ya Zeolite imakhala ndi mwayi wochepera 15.5mg ammonia nitrogen, kutalika kwa nayitrogeni, ndi kuchuluka kwa adrogen, ndipo ndizotheka kwa Zeolite ngati adsorbont kuchotsa ammonia nayitrogeni kuchokera ku leachate. Nthawi yomweyo, imafotokozedwa kuti njira ya Ammonia nayiwikani ndi yotsika, ndipo ndizovuta kuti adsolption kuchepa kwa ntchito yothandiza.

Kuchotsa kwabedi kwa ogona adziko lapansi pa nayitrogeni, cod ndi ena odetsa omwe adayesedwa mu midzi yam'madzi adaphunziridwa. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti kuchotsa kwa ammonia nayirogen ndi bedi lachiberekero ndi oposa 95%, ndipo kuchotsedwa kwa nayitrogen ndikukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nthawi yokhazikika ya Hydraulic.

Njira yosinthira ya Ion ili ndi maubwino ogulitsa pang'ono, njira zosavuta, kugwira ntchito kosavuta, kusayanjana ndi poizoni ndi kutentha, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito kwa Refite mwa kusinthika. Komabe, pochiza zinyalala zambiri za Ammonia, kusinthika kumachitika pafupipafupi, zomwe zimabweretsa zosokoneza ku opareshoni, chifukwa chake zimafunikira kuphatikiza njira zochizira za ammonia, kapena zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa zinyalala zotsika kwambiri ammonia.

WODZIPELSELE 4A PHOOLE Wopanga ndi Wopereka | Nthawi zonse (Cnchemist.com)