Calcium chloride ndi mchere wopangidwa ndi ayoni a kloride ndi ayoni a calcium.Anhydrous calcium chloride imakhala ndi mayamwidwe amphamvu a chinyezi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati desiccant pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuwonjezera pa fumbi lamsewu, kukonza nthaka, refrigerant, woyeretsa madzi, phala wothandizira.Ndiwogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mankhwala reagent, mankhwala zopangira mankhwala, zakudya zina, chakudya zina ndi zipangizo kupanga zitsulo calcium.
Thupi katundu wa calcium kolorayidi
Kashiamu kloridi ndi colorless kiyubiki krustalo, woyera kapena zoyera, granular, zisa chipika, spheroid, wosakhazikika granular, ufa.Malo osungunuka 782°C, kachulukidwe 1.086 g/mL pa20 °C, kuwira 1600°C, kusungunuka kwamadzi 740 g/L.Pang'ono poizoni, odorless, kukoma pang'ono owawa.Zowoneka bwino kwambiri komanso zimanyowa mosavuta zikakumana ndi mpweya.
Imasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi, pamene imatulutsa kutentha kwakukulu (calcium chloride dissolution enthalpy ya -176.2cal / g), njira yake yamadzimadzi imakhala yochepa kwambiri.Kusungunuka mu mowa, acetone, asidi asidi.Kuchita ndi ammonia kapena ethanol, CaCl2 · 8NH3 ndi CaCl2 · 4C2H5OH maofesi adapangidwa, motsatira.Pa kutentha otsika, yankho crystallizes ndi precipitates monga hexahydrate, amene pang'onopang'ono kusungunuka mu madzi ake crystalline pamene usavutike mtima kwa 30 ° C, ndipo pang'onopang'ono amataya madzi pamene mkangano 200 ° C, ndi kukhala dihydrate pamene mkangano 260 ° C. , yomwe imakhala yoyera porous anhydrous calcium chloride.
Anhydrous calcium chloride
1, thupi ndi mankhwala katundu: colorless kiyubiki kristalo, woyera kapena woyera porous chipika kapena granular olimba.Kachulukidwe wachibale ndi 2.15, malo osungunuka ndi 782 ℃, malo otentha ali pamwamba pa 1600 ℃, hygrhygability ndi yamphamvu kwambiri, yosavuta kusangalatsa, yosavuta kusungunuka m'madzi, pamene imatulutsa kutentha kwakukulu, kopanda fungo, kukoma kowawa pang'ono, njira yamadzimadzi ndi acidic pang'ono, sungunuka mowa, acrylic viniga, asidi asidi.
2, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala: Ndiwothandizira kuti apange utoto wamitundu yanyanja.Kupanga nayitrogeni, mpweya wa acetylene, hydrogen chloride, oxygen ndi mpweya wina wa desiccant.Mowa, ethers, esters ndi ma acrylic resins amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dehydrating agents, ndipo njira zawo zamadzimadzi ndizofunika firiji za firiji ndi firiji.Ikhoza kufulumizitsa kuumitsa konkire, kuonjezera kuzizira kwa matope a simenti, ndipo ndi antifreeze wothandizira kwambiri.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati woteteza zitsulo zotayidwa magnesium zitsulo, woyenga wothandizira.
Chotsani calcium chloride
1, thupi ndi mankhwala katundu: colorless kristalo, mankhwalawa ndi oyera, opanda woyera krustalo.Zowawa kulawa, amphamvu deliquescent.
Kachulukidwe kake ndi 0.835, kusungunuka mosavuta m'madzi, njira yake yamadzimadzi imakhala yosalowerera kapena yamchere pang'ono, yowononga, imasungunuka mu mowa komanso osasungunuka mu ether, ndipo imataya madzi m'madzi ikatenthedwa mpaka 260 ℃.Mankhwala ena amafanana ndi anhydrous calcium chloride.
2, ntchito ndi ntchito: flake kashiamu kolorayidi ntchito ngati refrigerant;Antifreeze wothandizira;Madzi oundana osungunuka kapena matalala;Zolepheretsa moto pomaliza ndi kumaliza nsalu za thonje;Zosungira matabwa;Kupanga mphira ngati chopindika;Wowuma wosakanikirana amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gluing wothandizira.
Calcium chloride amadzimadzi njira
Calcium chloride solution ili ndi mawonekedwe a conductivity, kutsika kwa kuzizira kuposa madzi, kutentha kwa kutentha pokhudzana ndi madzi, ndipo imakhala ndi ntchito yabwino yotsatsa malonda, ndipo malo ake ozizirirapo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani osiyanasiyana opanga mafakitale ndi malo opezeka anthu ambiri.
Ntchito ya calcium chloride solution:
1. Zamchere: Calcium ion hydrolysis ndi zamchere, ndipo hydrogen chloride imakhala yosasunthika pambuyo pa chloride ion hydrolysis.
2, conduction: pali ma ion mu yankho lomwe limatha kuyenda momasuka.
3, kuzizira kozizira: calcium chloride solution ndi yotsika kuposa madzi.
4, kuwira mfundo: calcium kolorayidi amadzimadzi njira kuwira mfundo ndi apamwamba kuposa madzi.
5, evaporation crystallization: calcium koloide amadzimadzi njira evaporation crystallization kukhala mumlengalenga wodzaza wa haidrojeni kolorayidi.
Desiccant
Calcium chloride ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati desiccant kapena dehydrating agent ya mpweya ndi zakumwa zamadzimadzi.Komabe, sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuumitsa ethanol ndi ammonia, chifukwa ethanol ndi ammonia zimagwira ntchito ndi calcium chloride kupanga mowa wambiri CaCl2 · 4C2H5OH ndi ammonia complex CaCl2 · 8NH3, motero.Anhydrous calcium chloride imathanso kupangidwa kukhala zinthu zapakhomo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati air hygroscopic agent, anhydrous calcium chloride ngati mayamwidwe amadzi avomerezedwa ndi FDA pakuvala chithandizo choyamba, ntchito yake ndikuwonetsetsa kuuma kwa bala.
Chifukwa calcium kolorayidi salowerera ndale, akhoza youma acidic kapena zamchere mpweya ndi organic zamadzimadzi, komanso mu labotale kupanga pang'ono mpweya monga nayitrogeni, mpweya, haidrojeni, hydrogen kolorayidi, sulfure dioxide, carbon dioxide, nayitrogeni dioxide, etc. ., poyanika mipweya yopangidwa ndi imeneyi.Granular anhydrous calcium chloride nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati desiccant kudzaza mapaipi owumitsa, ndipo algae wamkulu (kapena phulusa la m'nyanja) zouma ndi calcium chloride zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga phulusa la soda.Zida zina zochotsera humidifier m'nyumba zimagwiritsa ntchito calcium chloride kuti zitenge chinyezi kuchokera mumlengalenga.
The anhydrous calcium chloride imafalikira pamtunda wamchenga, ndipo hygroscopic katundu wa anhydrous calcium chloride amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufewetsa chinyezi mumlengalenga pamene chinyezi cha mpweya chimakhala chotsika kuposa mame kuti msewu ukhale wonyowa, kuti uwongolere. fumbi panjira.
Deicing agent ndi bafa yozizira
Calcium chloride ingachepetse kuzizira kwa madzi, ndipo kuwayala m’misewu kungalepheretse kuzizira ndi kugwa kwa chipale chofeŵa, koma madzi amchere otuluka m’chipale chofeŵa ndi madzi oundana angawononge nthaka ndi zomera za m’mphepete mwa msewu ndi kuwononga konkire ya m’misewu.Calcium chloride solution imathanso kusakanizidwa ndi ayezi wouma kuti mukonzekere kusamba kozizira kwa cryogenic.Madzi oundana owuma amawonjezeredwa ku yankho la brine mumagulu mpaka ayezi awonekere mu dongosolo.Kutentha kokhazikika kwa kusamba kozizira kumatha kusungidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kuchuluka kwa mchere.Calcium chloride nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mchere, ndipo kutentha kofunikira kumatheka posintha ndende, osati chifukwa chakuti calcium chloride ndiyotsika mtengo komanso yosavuta kupeza, komanso chifukwa cha kutentha kwa eutectic ya calcium chloride solution (ndiko kuti, kutentha pamene yankho onse condensed kupanga granular ayezi mchere particles) ndi otsika kwambiri, amene angafikire -51.0 ° C, kotero kuti chosinthika kutentha osiyanasiyana kuchokera 0 ° C kuti -51 ° C. Njira imeneyi akhoza anazindikira Dewar mabotolo omwe ali ndi mphamvu yotchinjiriza, ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito muzotengera zonse zapulasitiki kuti azisunga malo osambira ozizira pomwe kuchuluka kwa mabotolo a Dewar kuli kochepa ndipo njira zambiri zamchere ziyenera kukonzedwa, momwemonso kutentha kumakhala kokhazikika.
Monga gwero la ayoni calcium
Kuonjezera calcium chloride kumadzi osambira kungapangitse madzi a dziwe kukhala pH bafa ndikuwonjezera kuuma kwa madzi a dziwe, zomwe zingachepetse kukokoloka kwa khoma la konkire.Malinga ndi mfundo ya Le Chatelier komanso mphamvu ya isoionic, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ayoni a calcium m'madzi a dziwe kumachepetsa kusungunuka kwa mankhwala a calcium omwe ndi ofunikira pakupanga konkriti.
Kuthira calcium chloride m'madzi a m'madzi a m'madzi a m'madzi kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa calcium yomwe imapezeka m'madzi, ndipo moluska ndi nyama zam'mimba zomwe zimakulira m'madzi amazigwiritsa ntchito kupanga zipolopolo za calcium carbonate.Ngakhale kuti calcium hydroxide kapena calcium reactor imatha kukwaniritsa cholinga chomwecho, kuwonjezera calcium chloride ndiyo njira yofulumira kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pa pH ya madzi.
Kashiamu kloridi ntchito zina
Kusungunuka ndi kutentha kwa calcium chloride kumapangitsa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito m'zitini zodziwotchera komanso zotentha.
Calcium chloride ingathandize kufulumizitsa kukhazikitsa koyambirira mu konkire, koma ayoni a kloride amatha kuwononga zitsulo zachitsulo, kotero kuti calcium chloride singagwiritsidwe ntchito mu konkire yolimbitsa.Anhydrous calcium chloride imatha kupereka chinyezi ku konkriti chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake a hygroscopic.
Mu mafuta a petroleum, calcium kolorayidi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonjezera kachulukidwe wa brine olimba-free, ndipo akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku gawo lamadzimadzi la emulsified pobowola madzi ziletsa kukula kwa dongo.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yochepetsera kusungunuka popanga zitsulo za sodium ndi electrolytic kusungunuka kwa sodium chloride ndi njira ya Davy.Popanga zitsulo za ceramic, calcium chloride imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chimodzi mwa zigawo zakuthupi, zomwe zimalola kuti tinthu tating'ono tiyimitsidwe mumtsuko, kuti tinthu tating'ono tizikhala zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito popanga grouting.
Calcium kloride ndi chowonjezera mu mapulasitiki ndi zozimitsira moto, monga chothandizira fyuluta pochiza madzi oyipa, monga chowonjezera mu ng'anjo zophulika kuti ziwongolere kuphatikizika ndi kumamatira kwazinthu zopangira kuti zipewe kukhazikika kwa mtengowo, komanso ngati chowonjezera muzofewa za nsalu. .
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-19-2024
