Madzi amphamvu a anthan ndi madzi otayika ndi mtengo wochepera 6. Malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya asidi, madzi amphamvu a acid amatha kugawidwa m'madzi a avorgania acita. Mphamvu ya acid acid ndi madzi ofooka acid zinyalala; Monocid zinyalala ndi madzi otayira polyyacid; Kutsika kwambiri kwa madzi onyowa komanso madzi obisika kwambiri acid. Nthawi zambiri madzi a acidic amadzi, kuwonjezera pa zina, nthawi zambiri amakhalanso ndi zitsulo zazitsulo ndi mchere wawo komanso zinthu zina zovulaza. Madzi amphamvu amphamvu amachokera m'matumba osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ngalande zanga, hydrometsirurgy, zitsulo zosakhazikika, zopanga zamankhwala, electroplalys, magawo ena opanga mafakitale. Madzi a acidic acidic acidic ndi sulfuric acid madzi, kutsatiridwa ndi hydrochloric acid ndi nitric acid kutaya madzi. Chaka chilichonse, China chatsala pang'ono kutaya pafupifupi mafakitale a mafakitale miliyoni, ngati madzi a zinyalala awa achotsedwa mwachindunji popanda mankhwalawa, pamakhala nsomba, zowononga, ndikuwononga chilengedwe. Madzi a asidi a asidi a asidi ayenera kuthandizidwa kuti akwaniritse miyezo yadziko lisanatulutsidwe, madzi a asidi amatha kubwezeretsedwanso ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Pochiza zinyalala acid, njira zomwe zingasankhidwe zingasankhidwe kugwiritsira ntchito mchere mankhwala, njira yodzudzula, njira yolerera, njira yolekanitsira, ndi nemba.
1. Masamba obwezeretsanso
Wotchedwa kuti mchere ndi kugwiritsa ntchito madzi amchere okwanira kupititsa madzi onse ofutukuka osakhala ndi zinyalala. Komabe, njirayi imatulutsa ma hydrochloric acid ndikusokoneza kuchira ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa sulfuric acid mu zinyalala zakale, motero njira yosinthira zonyansa za zitsulo ndi sodium solution idaphunzitsidwa.
Ma acid amakhala ndi sulfuric acid ndi zosafunikira zingapo zachilengedwe, zomwe makamaka ndizochepa kwambiri. Njira yosinthira ndikugwiritsa ntchito madzi ambiri okwanira poyerekeza pafupifupi zodetsa zonse zachilengedwe. Njira yobwezeretsa mchere siyingangochotsa zodetsa zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe, komanso kuchindikirani asidi wasuric kuti muikemo, kupulumutsa mtengo ndi mphamvu.
2. Njira yowola
Njira yowotchera imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa acid osasunthika monga hydrochloric acid, yomwe imalekanitsidwa ndi njira yothetsera vutoli pokonza kubwezeretsa.
3. Njira yolowerera
Njira yoyambira acid Njira zodziwika bwino zochizira acid acid zimaphatikizapo kusalowerera ndi kukonzanso, kusinthika kwa acid ku China muyezo. Sodium carbonate (besuum phulusa), sodium hydroxide, miyala yamiyala kapena laimu ngati zida zoseweretsa a asidi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale laimu.
4. Njira yochotsera
Madzimadzi amadzimadzi, omwe amadziwikanso ngati zosungunulira, ndi ntchito yopanga kusiyana komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwazinthu zosungunukira kwazinthu zoyenera kuti athe kupatukana. Mankhwalawa a asidi acid, ndikofunikira kupanga madzi owoneka bwino okhala ndi zosungunulira zoyera komanso zosungunulira kwathunthu, kuti zonyansazi zisungunuke acid zimasinthidwa kukhala zosungunulira. Zofunikira ndi izi: . (3) Mtengo ndi wotsika mtengo komanso wosavuta kupeza; (4) Yosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi zonyansa, kutaya kochepa pomwe kuvula. Zowonjezera wamba zimaphatikizapo Benzene (Toluene, Nitronzer, chlorofene), ma prosote a hydrocarbon), isoplororoether), isoplororontha ether ndi n-503.
5.
Mfundo yoyambirira yothandizira acid zinyalala zamadzimadzi ndi ion kusinthana kwa ma ion kusinthitsa ma acid acids ndi mchere wachitsulo kuti mukwaniritse ma acid osiyanasiyana kuti mukwaniritse ma acid a asidi osiyanasiyana.
6. Njira yolekanitsa ya membrane
Kwa acidic zinyalala zamadzimadzi, njira zachithandizo za membrane monga dialysis ndi electrodialysis imathanso kugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Kubwezeretsanso ma acidida kumatengera mfundo ya diaysis, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi kusiyana kwa chidwi. Chipangizo chonsecho chimapangidwa ndi cholunjika dialysis membrane, madzi amagawana mbale, zolimbitsa thupi, madzi oyenda pang'onopang'ono, ndikukwaniritsa mphamvu yolekanitsa madzi.
7. Njira yozizira yozizira
Njira yozizira crystallization ndi njira yochepetsera kutentha kwa yankho ndikupanga solute. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mankhwala a acid acid kuti zonyansa mu zinyalala zimakhazikika kuti zibwezeretse yankho la acid acid yankho lomwe limakwaniritsa zofunikira ndipo lingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, sulfuric acid yotulutsidwa kuchokera ku ma acyl-kutsuka kwa ma acyl ya mphesa yogudubuza imakhala ndi sulfate yayikulu, yomwe imathandizidwa ndi njira yosinthira-crystallization ndi kusefera. Pambuyo pochotsa sulfate yofinya, asidiyo imatha kubwezeretsedwanso kwa zitsulo zokoka zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Crystallizaliza limagwiritsa ntchito mafakitale ambiri, omwe akufanizidwa pano ndi njira yolumikiza mu zitsulo. Mukukonzekera zitsulo ndi makina pokonza, sulfuric acid nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa dzimbiri pachitsulo. Chifukwa chake, kubwezeretsanso kwa asidi kungachepetse mtengo wake ndikuteteza chilengedwe. Crystallization imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani kuti ikwaniritse izi.
8. Njira ya Oxidation
Njira iyi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo mfundo yake ndiyo kuti muwongolere zonyansa za sulfuric acid ndi oxidizing ockiside, kuti alekanitse ndi asidi wa sulufuric, kuti aletsedwe. Nthawi zambiri oxidants oxidal ndi hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, percloric acid, hypochlous acid, nitrate, ozoni ndi otero. Aliyense oxidazer ali ndi zabwino zake komanso zolephera.
Post Nthawi: Apr-10-2024
