Kugwiritsa ntchito calcium chloride poletsa kusungunuka kwa matope
Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa zinthu zina, khalidwe la matope lomwe layambitsidwa limakhala lopepuka, lokulirapo, ndipo magwiridwe antchito okhazikika amachepa, kuchuluka kwa SVI kumapitirira kukwera, ndipo kulekanitsidwa kwabwinobwino kwa madzi amatope sikungatheke mu thanki yachiwiri ya matope. Mlingo wa matope a thanki yachiwiri ya matope umapitirira kukwera, ndipo pamapeto pake matope amatayika, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mpweya mu thankiyo kumachepa kwambiri, motero kuwononga matope mu ntchito yanthawi zonse. Chochitika ichi chimatchedwa sludge bulking. Sludge bulking ndi chinthu chosazolowereka chomwe chimachitika kawirikawiri mu dongosolo la sludge process lomwe layambitsidwa.
Njira yothira matope yogwiritsidwa ntchito tsopano ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza madzi otayira. Njirayi yapeza zotsatira zabwino pochiza mitundu yambiri ya madzi otayira monga zimbudzi za m'matauni, kupanga mapepala ndi kuyika utoto pamadzi otayira, kusamalira madzi otayira ndi madzi otayira mankhwala. Komabe, pali vuto lofala pochiza matope otayira, ndiko kuti, matope ndi osavuta kutupa panthawi yogwira ntchito. Kuthira matope kumagawidwa makamaka m'magulu a matope amtundu wa filamentous bacterial sludge bulging ndi matope amtundu wa non-filamentous bacteria bulging, ndipo pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti apangidwe. Kuwonongeka kwa kuthira matope ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, kukachitika, kumakhala kovuta kulamulira, ndipo nthawi yobwezeretsa imakhala yayitali. Ngati njira zowongolera sizitengedwa panthawi yake, kutaya matope kungachitike, zomwe zingawononge kwambiri ntchito ya thanki yolowetsa mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dongosolo lonse lochiritsira liwonongeke.
Kuonjezera calcium chloride kungalepheretse kukula kwa mabakiteriya opangidwa ndi filamentous, zomwe zimathandiza kupanga ma micelles a bakiteriya, ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito a matope. Calcium chloride imawola ndikupanga ma ayoni a chloride atasungunuka m'madzi. Ma ayoni a chloride ali ndi mphamvu yoyeretsa ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'madzi, zomwe zimatha kupha gawo la mabakiteriya opangidwa ndi filamentous ndikuletsa kutupa kwa matope komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mabakiteriya opangidwa ndi filamentous. Pambuyo posiya kuwonjezera chlorine, ma ayoni a chloride amathanso kukhala m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo mabakiteriya opangidwa ndi filamentous sakula kwambiri kwakanthawi kochepa, ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kupangabe floc yokhazikika, zomwe zimasonyezanso kuti kuwonjezera calcium chloride kumatha kuletsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya opangidwa ndi filamentous ndipo kumathandiza kuthetsa kutupa kwa matope.
Kuonjezera calcium chloride kungathandize kuchepetsa kutupa kwa matope mwachangu komanso moyenera, ndipo SVI ya matope oyambitsidwa imatha kuchepetsedwa mwachangu. SVI yatsika kuchoka pa 309.5mL/g kufika pa 67.1mL/g mutawonjezera calcium chloride. Popanda kuwonjezera calcium chloride, SVI ya matope oyambitsidwa imatha kuchepetsedwanso mwa kusintha njira yogwirira ntchito, koma kuchepetsa kumakhala pang'onopang'ono. Kuonjezera calcium chloride sikukhudza bwino kuchuluka kwa COD, ndipo kuchuluka kwa COD kuchotsa calcium chloride ndikotsika ndi 2% poyerekeza ndi kusawonjezera calcium chloride.