Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa PAC pakuchiza madzi pa chomera chamagetsi chotentha

1. Kukonza madzi odzola musanagwiritse ntchito

Madzi achilengedwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matope, dongo, humus ndi zinthu zina zopachikidwa ndi zinthu zonyansa za colloidal ndi mabakiteriya, bowa, algae, mavairasi ndi tizilombo tina, amakhala ndi kukhazikika kwa madzi, ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha kusungunuka kwa madzi, mtundu ndi fungo. Zinthu zachilengedwe zambirizi zimalowa mu ion exchanger, zimaipitsa utomoni, zimachepetsa mphamvu yosinthira utomoni, komanso zimakhudza khalidwe la madzi otuluka mu njira yochotsera mchere. Kuchiza ndi coagulation, kuyeretsa malo ndi kusefa ndikuchotsa zonyansa izi ngati cholinga chachikulu, kotero kuti zomwe zili mu slag m'madzi zichepetsedwe kufika pa 5mg/L, ndiko kuti, kuti madzi apezeke bwino. Izi zimatchedwa water pretreatment. Pambuyo pochiza ndi madzi owiritsa, madziwo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati madzi owiritsa pokhapokha mchere wosungunuka m'madzi utachotsedwa ndi ion exchange ndipo mpweya wosungunuka m'madzi utachotsedwa ndi kutentha kapena vacuum cleaner kapena kupukutira. Ngati zonyansazi sizinachotsedwe kaye, chithandizo chotsatira (desalting) sichingachitike. Chifukwa chake, kuchiza ndi coagulation ya madzi ndi mgwirizano wofunikira pa njira yochizira madzi.

Njira yokonzekera kutentha isanayambe ndi iyi: madzi osaphika → kugayidwa → kupumira ndi kuyeretsa → kusefa. Ma coagulants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pogayidwa ndi polyaluminum chloride, polyferric sulfate, aluminium sulfate, ferric trichloride, ndi zina zotero. Zotsatirazi zimalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito polyaluminum chloride.

Polyaluminum chloride, yotchedwa PAC, imachokera ku phulusa la aluminiyamu kapena mchere wa aluminiyamu ngati zinthu zopangira, kutentha kwambiri komanso kupanikizika kwina ndi alkali ndi aluminiyamu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi polymer, zinthu zopangira ndi njira yopangira ndizosiyana, kufotokozera kwa malonda sikofanana. Fomula ya molekyulu ya PAC [Al2(OH)nCI6-n]m, pomwe n ikhoza kukhala nambala iliyonse pakati pa 1 ndi 5, ndipo m ndiye nambala yonse ya gulu 10. PAC imabwera mumitundu yonse yolimba komanso yamadzimadzi.

2. Njira yolumikizira magazi

Pali zotsatira zitatu zazikulu za ma coagulants pa tinthu ta colloidal m'madzi: kuletsa magetsi, kutsekereza ma adsorption ndi kusesa. Ndi zotsatira ziti mwa zitatuzi zomwe ndi zazikulu zimadalira mtundu ndi mlingo wa coagulant, mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa tinthu ta colloidal m'madzi, ndi pH ya madzi. Kagwiridwe ka ntchito ka polyaluminum chloride ndi kofanana ndi ka aluminium sulfate, ndipo khalidwe la aluminium sulfate m'madzi limatanthauza njira ya Al3+ yopanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hydrolyzed.

Polyaluminum chloride imatha kuonedwa ngati zinthu zosiyanasiyana zapakati pa hydrolysis ndi polymerization ya aluminiyamu chloride kukhala Al(OH)3 pansi pa mikhalidwe ina. Imapezeka mwachindunji m'madzi mu mawonekedwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya polymeric ndi A1(OH)a(s), popanda hydrolysis ya Al3+.

3. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudza

1. Kutentha kwa madzi

Kutentha kwa madzi kumakhudza kwambiri momwe madzi amagwirira ntchito. Kutentha kwa madzi kukakhala kochepa, madzi oundana amakhala ovuta kuwagwiritsa ntchito, makamaka kutentha kwa madzi kumakhala kotsika kuposa 5℃, kuchuluka kwa madzi oundana kumakhala kochedwa, ndipo flocculant yopangidwayo imakhala ndi kapangidwe kosasunthika, madzi ambiri ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Kutentha kwa madzi kumakhala kochepa, kusungunuka kwa tinthu ta colloidal kumawonjezeka, nthawi youndana imakhala yayitali, ndipo kuchuluka kwa madzi oundana kumakhala kocheperako. Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti kutentha kwa madzi kumakhala koyenera kwambiri kuposa 25~30℃.

2. pH ya madzi

Njira yothira madzi ya polyaluminum chloride ndi njira yotulutsira H+ mosalekeza. Chifukwa chake, pansi pa pH yosiyana, padzakhala ma hydrolysis intermediates osiyanasiyana, ndipo pH yabwino kwambiri ya mankhwala othira madzi a polyaluminum chloride nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa 6.5 ndi 7.5. Mphamvu yothira madzi imakhala yayikulu panthawiyi.

3. Mlingo wa coagulant

Ngati kuchuluka kwa coagulant komwe kwawonjezeredwa sikukwanira, kutayikira kotsala m'madzi otuluka kumakhala kwakukulu. Ngati kuchulukako kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, chifukwa tinthu ta colloidal m'madzi timakoka coagulant yambiri, mphamvu ya mphamvu ya tinthu ta colloidal imasintha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutayikira kotsala mu madzi otuluka kukulenso. Njira yothira si njira yosavuta ya mankhwala, kotero mlingo wofunikira sungadziwike malinga ndi kuwerengera, koma uyenera kutsimikiziridwa malinga ndi mtundu wa madzi kuti udziwe mlingo woyenera; Pamene khalidwe la madzi lisintha nyengo, mlingo uyenera kusinthidwa moyenerera.

4. Njira yolumikizirana

Pakukonza njira yothira madzi m'madzi kapena njira zina zothira madzi m'madzi, ngati pali matope ambiri m'madzi, mphamvu ya njira yothira madzi m'madzi ikhoza kuchepetsedwa kwambiri. Ikhoza kupereka malo akuluakulu pamwamba, kudzera mu kulowetsedwa kwa madzi, kuyeretsa madzi m'thupi ndi crystallization core, zomwe zimathandiza kuti njira yothira madzi m'madzi igwire bwino ntchito.

Kuthira madzi m'madzi ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza madzi pakadali pano. Makampani opanga polyaluminum chloride amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati flocculant yochizira madzi, yokhala ndi coagulant yabwino, floc yayikulu, mlingo wochepa, magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, mvula yachangu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yogwiritsira ntchito ndi zabwino zina, poyerekeza ndi mlingo wa flocculant wachikhalidwe ukhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi 1/3 ~ 1/2, mtengo ukhoza kusungidwa ndi 40%. Kuphatikiza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito fyuluta yopanda valve ndi fyuluta ya kaboni yoyambitsidwa, kutayikira kwa madzi osaphika kumachepa kwambiri, khalidwe la madzi otuluka mu desalt system limakula, ndipo mphamvu yosinthira ya desalt resin imawonjezekanso, ndipo mtengo wogwirira ntchito umachepetsedwa.