Gulu ndi ntchito za zotsukira zodziwika bwino

Zowonjezera zotsukira madzi zimagawidwa m'magulu a zowonjezera zopanda chilengedwe, monga sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate ndi mchere wina wopanda chilengedwe; Zowonjezera zachilengedwe, monga zotsutsana ndi redeposition agents, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

Kuwonjezera zinthu zothandizira zokhudzana ndi kuyeretsa ku sopo wotsukira zomwe zingathandize kutsuka zimatchedwa zowonjezera zotsukira, ndipo zowonjezera zotsukira ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la sopo wotsukira. Ntchito zazikulu za zowonjezera zotsukira: choyamba, zimakhala ndi mphamvu yofewetsa madzi, chachiwiri ndikuchita gawo la alkaline buffering, ndipo potsiriza, zimakhala ndi ntchito yonyowetsa, emulsification, suspension ndi dispersion, makamaka kuti dothi lisagwirizanenso ndi zovala komanso kuti lisawonongeke.

Kodi zowonjezera zazikulu za sopo ndi ziti?

Sodium silicate
Ndi chosungira cha alkaline, chomwe chimadziwika kuti galasi la madzi kapena paucine, chomwe ndi chowonjezera chofunikira cha sopo wa pH buffer wa alkaline, chomwe chimapanga pafupifupi 10% mpaka 3% ya chowonjezera mu sopo wa ufa. Ntchito yoyamba ndi chosungira cha pH, kukana dzimbiri, kufewetsa madzi; Yachiwiri ndi kuteteza nsalu kuti iwonjezere kusungunuka kwa madzi; Yachitatu ndikuwongolera kusinthasintha kwa slurry ndi ufa; Chachinayi, imakhala ndi mphamvu yogwirizana ndi zinthu zina zothandizira.

Sodium carbonate
Mu zosakaniza zotsukira, zowonjezera ndi za madzi ofewa, ndi madzi ofewa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati madzi onyowa, dzina lofala limatchedwanso soda phulusa, ndipo dzina lofala ndi kutsuka alkali, koma kwenikweni, si alkali, ndi mchere. Mu malonda apadziko lonse lapansi, nthawi zina amatchedwa soda kapena alkali phulusa. Sodium carbonate imatha kusintha alkalinity, imatha kupanga calcium carbonate kapena magnesium fluidity ndi calcium ndi magnesium ions m'madzi, kuti madziwo afewetse, ndiye gawo lalikulu la sopo wa alkali.

4A zeolite
Chofewetsa madzi cha mtundu wa kusinthana kwa ma ion ndi chothandizira chabwino cha mtundu wa kusinthana kwa ma ion, chomwe chimathandiza kusinthana kwa ma ion a calcium ndi magnesium ndikufewetsa madzi. Chifukwa zeolite sisungunuka m'madzi, kuti isakhalebe pa nsalu, pali zofunikira zina za kukula kwa tinthu ta 4A zeolite. Kuphatikiza apo, zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito zeolite ndi sodium tripolyphosphate ndizabwino kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito yokha. 4A zeolite ilinso ndi ntchito yolumikiza, kufalitsa ndi kukana kubwezeretsedwanso.

Sodium citrate
Ndi chofewetsa madzi cha chelating, ndipo sodium citrate yodziwika bwino ndi sodium citrate dihydrate ndi sodium citrate pentahydrate. Ali ndi kusungunuka kwabwino kwambiri ndipo amatha kupanga ma chelates okhala ndi calcium ndi magnesium ions m'madzi kuti afewetse madzi. Sodium citrate ndi mchere wolimba wa asidi wofooka, ndipo citric acid imatha kupanga pH buffer system yolimba, poyeretsa imatha kusunga pH yokhazikika, kotero nthawi zina si yoyenera kusintha kwa pH, sodium citrate ili ndi malo apadera.

Sodium sulfate
Sodium sulfate decahydrate, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti glauberite. Kuyera kwambiri, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta sodium sulfate ya anhydrous, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti sodium powder. Kuchuluka kwa sodium sulfate yomwe imawonjezeredwa mu ufa wochapira ndi 20% mpaka 60%, komwe ndi kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera wamba za ufa wochapira, koma zotsatira zake zimakhala zochepa kwambiri kuposa zowonjezera zina. Makamaka chifukwa cha mtengo wotsika wa sodium sulfate, mu njira yopangira detergent, kusinthasintha kwa detergent kumakhala bwino, makamaka ntchito yopangira detergent yochapira.

Sodium percarbonate bleach
Sodium percarbonate, yomwe imadziwika kuti solid hydrogen peroxide, ndi chinthu chowonjezera cha hydrogen peroxide ndi sodium carbonate, chomwe chimagwira ntchito yoyeretsa khungu.

Chofewetsa madzi cha polycarboxylate chelating
Polycarboxylate, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa ntchito yothira sopo, ndi ma polima awiri omwe amapangidwa ndi acrylic homopolymer ndi acrylic maleic acid copolymer. Mtundu uwu wa chinthu uli ndi mphamvu yolumikizana bwino ndi calcium ndi magnesium ions, umabalalitsa bwino calcium ndi magnesium carbonate, umagwirizana bwino ndi zinthu zotsukira monga zowonjezera za surfactant, ndipo umalimbana bwino ndi redeposition.
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ndi wothandizila wotsutsa kuipitsa malo, wokha suli ndi zotsatira zowononga, makamaka poletsa kuipitsa malo, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya thovu ndi kukhazikika kwa thovu la sopo, komanso kulimbitsa mankhwala, kukulitsa colloidal yokhazikika, kupewa delamination ndi ntchito zina za mankhwala a colloidal.

EDTA ndi chofewetsa madzi chofewetsa
EDTA ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, chili ndi maatomu asanu ndi limodzi ogwirizanitsa, kapangidwe kake kamatchedwa chelate. Imatha kupanga ma chelate okhala ndi calcium, magnesium ndi ma ayoni ena achitsulo m'madzi kuti afewetse madzi.

Essence
Kuonjezera kukoma mu sopo kumakondedwa kwambiri ndi ogula, ndipo kuwonjezera kukoma mu sopo sikuti kumangopangitsa sopo kukhala ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri, komanso kumapangitsa nsalu kapena tsitsi kutsukidwa, ndi fungo labwino latsopano. Kuchuluka kwa kukoma komwe kumawonjezeredwa ku sopo nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 1%, koma kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana kumasiyananso, monga sopo, chifukwa cha ntchito yake yapadera, kuchuluka kwa kukoma ndi 1.0% ~ 2.5%, sopo wochapira zovala 0.5% ~ 1%, ufa wochapira zovala 0.1% ~ 0.2%, malinga ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mafuta onunkhira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi maluwa, udzu, matabwa, ndi zofukiza zopangira. Kukonzekera kukoma kwa sopo kuyenera kulabadira mfundo ziwiri izi: Choyamba, chitetezo, kuchepetsa khungu, tsitsi, kusonkhezera maso, zotsatira zoyipa pa thupi la munthu; Chachiwiri ndi kukhazikika, chifukwa zosakaniza mu sopo ndizochulukirapo, kukhazikika kwa essence kuyenera kusungidwa pansi pa mikhalidwe ya alkaline, kuti isalole kuti iwole ndikusintha mtundu, ndipo sichitha kuchitapo kanthu.