Kuyambitsa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri potsuka zovala

Mankhwala oyambira

Ⅰ asidi, alkali ndi mchere

1. Asidi ya Asetiki

Acetic acid nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha pH potsuka zovala, kapena imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa ubweya ndi tsitsi pogwiritsa ntchito asidi cellulase.

 

2. Oxalic Acid

Oxalic acid ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsuka mawanga a dzimbiri pa zovala, komanso kutsuka madzi otsala a potassium permanganate pa zovala, kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa zovala mutatsuka ndi bleach.

 

3. Phosphoric Acid

Soda wothira sayenera kukhudza khungu ndipo angayambitse kutentha kwambiri. Soda wothira khofi amatha kusungunula mitundu yonse ya ulusi wa nyama monga silika ndi ubweya. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito powiritsa ulusi wachilengedwe monga thonje, womwe ungachotse ulusiwo.

Zodetsedwa zomwe zili mu kukula kwake zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito posakaniza ulusi wa thonje, kutsuka zovala ngati chotsukira, kuyeretsa alkali, komanso kutsuka utoto wowala ndi wamphamvu kuposa phulusa la soda.

 

4, Sodium Hydroxide

Zovala zina, zomwe zimafunika kutsukidwa ndi mtundu wowala, zimatha kuphikidwa ndi soda ash. Zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusintha pH ya yankho.

 

5. Sodium Sulphate ya ufa wa sodium

Amadziwika kuti glauberite. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chothandizira kupangira utoto popaka utoto wa thonje monga utoto wolunjika, utoto wosinthika, utoto wokhuthala, ndi zina zotero. Utoto uwu ndi wosavuta kusungunuka mu utoto wokonzedwa, koma si wosavuta kuupaka utoto wa thonje.

Kukula kwake. Popeza utotowo suvuta kuumeza, utoto wotsalawo m'madzi a mapazi ndi wapadera kwambiri. Kuwonjezera ufa wa sodium kungathandize kuchepetsa kusungunuka kwa utoto m'madzi, motero kumawonjezera mphamvu ya utoto.

Kuchuluka kwake kungachepe, ndipo mtundu wa utoto umazama kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti utotowo ukhale wochepa komanso kuti mtunduwo ukhale wozama kwambiri.

 

6. Sodium Chloride

Mchere nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa ufa wa sodium ngati chinthu chowonjezera utoto pamene utoto wolunjika, wogwira ntchito, wokhuthala umapakidwa utoto wakuda, ndipo magawo 100 aliwonse a mchere ndi ofanana ndi magawo 100 a ufa wa sodium wosaphika kapena magawo 227 a ufa wa sodium wopangidwa ndi kristalo.

 

Ⅱ chofewetsa madzi, chowongolera PH

1. Sodium Hexametaphosphate

Ndi mankhwala abwino ofewetsa madzi. Amatha kusunga utoto ndi sopo ndikupangitsa kuti madzi asamawonongeke.

 

2. Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate

Potsuka zovala, nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi sodium dihydrogen phosphate kuti isinthe kuchuluka kwa PH kwa neutral cellulase.

 

3. Trisodium Phosphate

Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofewetsa madzi olimba, sopo wothira madzi, komanso chotsukira zitsulo. Chogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira kusungunuka kwa calcium pa nsalu ya thonje, chimatha kuletsa soda yosungunuka mu yankho la calcium kuti isamwedwe ndi madzi olimba ndikulimbikitsa mphamvu ya soda yosungunuka pa nsalu ya thonje.

 

Ⅲ Bleach

1. Sodium Hypochlorite

Kuyeretsa kwa sodium hypochlorite nthawi zambiri kumafunika kuchitika pansi pa mikhalidwe ya alkaline, ndipo njira iyi yoyeretsa pang'onopang'ono ikutha pang'onopang'ono pakadali pano.

 

2. Hydrogen Peroxide

Kawirikawiri nsalu zimagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa hydrogen peroxide bleaching pa 80-100 ° C, zimafunika kwambiri pa zipangizo, zimakhala zokwera mtengo kuposa sodium hypochlorite bleaching, ndipo zimayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zapamwamba komanso zapamwamba.

 

3. Potaziyamu Permanganate

Potaziyamu permanganate ili ndi okosijeni yamphamvu kwambiri, mphamvu yokoka mu njira za asidi ndi yolimba, ndi chinthu chabwino chokoka okosijeni komanso choyeretsera. Mu zovala, pochotsa utoto ndi kuyeretsa,

Mwachitsanzo, kupopera PP (nyani), kutsuka ndi manja PP (nyani), kusakaniza PP (kuphika, kusakaniza chipale chofewa), ndi chimodzi mwa mankhwala ofunikira kwambiri.

 

Ⅳ Mankhwala ochepetsa

1. Sodium Thiosulphate ya soda yophikira

Chodziwika bwino ndi dzina lakuti Hai Bo. Potsuka zovala, zovala zotsukidwa ndi sodium hypochlorite ziyenera kutsukidwa ndi baking soda. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa baking soda, komwe kumachepetsa zinthu monga mpweya wa chlorine.

 

2. Soya Hyposulfite

Chodziwika bwino kuti sodium sulfite yochepa, ndi chochepetsera champhamvu chochotsera utoto, ndipo PH imakhala yokhazikika pa 10.

 

3, Sodium Metabisulfite

Chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani ochapira zovala kuti isawonongeke pambuyo poti potassium permanganate yayamba kuyera.

 

Ⅴ ma enzyme achilengedwe

1. Kuchotsa Kapangidwe ka Enzyme

Zovala za denim zimakhala ndi sitachi yambiri kapena phala la starch losasinthika. Mphamvu ya desizing ya enzyme ndikuti imatha kuyambitsa hydrolysis ya unyolo wa macromolecular wa starch, ndikupanga kulemera kochepa kwa mamolekyulu ndi kukhuthala.

Ma enzyme ena otsika kwambiri omwe amasungunuka kwambiri amatsukidwa mwa kutsuka kuti achotse hydrolysate. Amylase imathanso kuchotsa zamkati zosakanikirana zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi sitachi.

Imadziwika ndi mphamvu yayikulu yosinthira kukhala starch, yomwe imatha kuwononga starch kwathunthu popanda kuwononga cellulose, yomwe ndi mwayi wapadera wa enzyme yeniyeni. Imapereka ntchito yonse yochotsa kukula,

Thandizani kuti zovala zikhale zokhazikika komanso zosalala mukamaliza kuzikonza.

 

2. Cellulase

Cellulase imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosankha mu ulusi wa cellulose ndi zinthu zochokera ku ulusi wa cellulose, imatha kusintha mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa nsalu, kupanga kopi ya zotsatira zakale, komanso imatha kuchotsa pamwamba pa nsalu yofewa.

Thonje ndi nsalu yofewa; Zingathe kuwononga ulusi wa cellulose ndikupangitsa nsaluyo kukhala yofewa komanso yomasuka. Cellulase imatha kusungunuka m'madzi, ndipo imagwirizana bwino ndi mankhwala onyowetsa komanso mankhwala oyeretsera, koma imakumana ndi mankhwala ochepetsa kutentha,

Ma oxidants ndi ma enzyme sagwira ntchito bwino. Malinga ndi zofunikira za ph value ya madzi osambira panthawi yotsuka, cellulase ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: acidic cellulase ndi neutral cellulase.

 

3. Laccase

Laccase ndi polyphenol oxidase yokhala ndi mkuwa, yomwe imatha kuyambitsa REDOX reaction ya zinthu za phenolic. NOVO idapanga Aspergillus Niger kuti ipange Denilite laccase pogwiritsa ntchito kuwiritsa kwambiri.

II S, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa utoto wa denim indigo. Laccase imatha kuyambitsa okosijeni wa dyes ya indigo yosasungunuka, kuwola mamolekyu a indigo, ndikuchita nawo gawo pakutha, motero kusintha mawonekedwe a denim yopaka utoto wa indigo.

 

Kugwiritsa ntchito laccase potsuka denim kuli ndi mbali ziwiri

① Sinthani kapena sinthani pang'ono cellulase kuti mutsuke ma enzyme

② Tsukani m'malo mwa sodium hypochlorite

Pogwiritsa ntchito luso lapadera la laccase pa utoto wa indigo, kutsuka kumatha kukwaniritsa zotsatirazi.

① Patsani chinthucho mawonekedwe atsopano, kalembedwe katsopano komanso mawonekedwe apadera omalizira ② onjezerani kuchuluka kwa zinthu zochotsera, komanso perekani njira yochotsera mwachangu

③ Sungani njira yabwino kwambiri yomaliza denim

④ Yosavuta kuisintha, yoberekanso bwino.

⑤ Kupanga kobiriwira.

 

Ⅵ Mankhwala Opangira Ma Surfactants

Ma surfactants ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi magulu osasunthika a hydrophilic ndi oleophilic, zomwe zimatha kuyang'ana pamwamba pa yankho, ndipo zimatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kupsinjika kwa pamwamba pa yankho. Ma surfactants mu mafakitale ndi

Ili ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo ntchito zake zofunika ndi kunyowetsa, kusungunula, kusakaniza, kutulutsa thovu, kuchotsa poizoni, kufalitsa, kuchotsa poizoni ndi zina zotero.

 

1. Wonyowetsa

Chonyowetsa chosakhala cha ionic sichiyenera kulowetsedwa pamodzi ndi zinthu zina zofewa monga ma enzyme, zomwe zimatha kuwonjezera kulowa kwa ma enzyme mu nsalu ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yake pochotsa kukula. Onjezani panthawi yomaliza yofewa.

Chonyowetsa chosakhala cha ionic chingathandize kwambiri kufewetsa.

 

2. Woletsa banga

Chotsukira utoto chimapangidwa ndi polyacrylic acid polymer compound ndi non-ionic surfactant, zomwe zingalepheretse utoto wa indigo, utoto wolunjika ndi utoto wochitapo kanthu kuti zisakhudze chizindikiro cha zovala ndi thumba pochapa.

Kupaka utoto wa nsalu, nsalu zoluka, zovala zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zina kungalepheretsenso utoto wa nsalu yosindikizidwa ndi nsalu yopakidwa utoto wa ulusi. Ndi yoyenera kutsuka zovala za denim ndi enzyme. Choletsa utoto sichimangokhala ndi super

Mphamvu yolimbana ndi banga, komanso imakhala ndi ntchito yoyeretsa komanso yoyeretsa kwambiri, yokhala ndi bafa ya cellulase, imatha kulimbikitsa cellulase, imakweza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zovala za denim, komanso imafupikitsa mawonekedwe ake.

Mukatsuka, chepetsani kuchuluka kwa enzyme ndi 20%-30%. Kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka zinthu zotsutsana ndi utoto zopangidwa ndi opanga osiyanasiyana sizofanana, ndipo pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mlingo monga ufa ndi chotsukira madzi chogulitsidwa.

 

3. Sopo wothira madzi (mafuta a sopo)

Sikuti imangokhala ndi mphamvu yoletsa madontho, komanso imagwira ntchito yochotsa kukula kwa madontho komanso kutsuka zovala. Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito potsuka zovala zomasuka pogwiritsa ntchito enzyme, imatha kuchotsa mtundu woyandama ndikuwonjezera kulowa kwa enzyme.

Pambuyo potsuka, nsaluyo imatha kukhala yonyezimira komanso yowala. Sopo wa sopo ndi sopo wodziwika bwino womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito potsuka zovala, ndipo magwiridwe ake amatha kuyesedwa poyesa mphamvu yotulutsira, mphamvu yotulutsira madzi, ndi mphamvu yochotsera madzi.

 

Ⅶ zothandizira

1. Wothandizira kukonza utoto

Mukapaka utoto wa cellulose ndi utoto wolunjika ndi utoto wochitapo kanthu, ngati utatsukidwa mwachindunji, umayambitsa kusintha kwa mitundu ya utoto wosakhazikika. Pofuna kupewa izi kuti zisachitike ndikukwaniritsa kufulumira kwa mtundu komwe mukufuna,

Kawirikawiri nsalu zimafunika kukonzedwa pambuyo popaka utoto. Chopangira utoto ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti utoto ndi nsalu zikhale zolimba. Zopangira utoto zomwe zilipo zimagawidwa m'magulu awa: zopangira utoto za dicyandiamide,

Chothandizira kukonza utoto wa mchere wa quaternary ammonium polymer.

 

2. Kuyeretsa Edzi

① Spandex chlorine woyeretsera bleach

Chotsukira chlorine chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'bafa lomwelo ndi sodium hypochlorite chingalepheretse kuwonongeka kwa ulusi womangika chifukwa cha kutsukira.

Chilonda ndi nsalu zinasanduka zachikasu zitatsukidwa

② Chotsukira madzi cha hydrogen peroxide

Kuyeretsa kwa hydrogen peroxide pansi pa nthaka ya alkaline kungayambitsenso kuwonongeka kwa cellulose oxidation, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya ulusi ichepe. Chifukwa chake, poyeretsa hydrogen peroxide, kuwonongeka kwa hydrogen peroxide kuyenera kusinthidwa.

Kawirikawiri ndikofunikira kuwonjezera chokhazikika mu yankho la bleaching.

③ Hydrogen peroxide bleaching synergist yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi caustic soda ndi hydrogen peroxide imakhudza kwambiri kuyeretsa zovala zakuda za denim zomwe zimapakidwa utoto wakuda.

④ chochotsera manganese (choletsa kufalikira kwa manganese)

Manganese dioxide imatsalira pamwamba pa nsalu ya denim pambuyo pa chithandizo cha potaziyamu permanganate, yomwe iyenera kukhala yoyera komanso yoyera kuti nsalu yoyera iwonetse mtundu ndi mawonekedwe owala, njirayi imatchedwanso kuti neutralization.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi chochepetsera.

 

3, wothandizira kumaliza utomoni

Udindo wa kumaliza utomoni

Nsalu za ulusi wa cellulose, kuphatikizapo thonje, nsalu, nsalu za viscose, zimakhala zosavuta kuvala, zimakhala bwino kuyamwa chinyezi, koma zimakhala zosavuta kupotoza, zimachepa, zimakwinya, zimakhala zofewa. Chifukwa chakuti madzi ndi mphamvu zakunja sizigwira ntchito,

Pali kutsetsereka pakati pa unyolo wa macromolecular wosasinthika mu ulusi, pamene unyolo wa macromolecular wotsetsereka umachotsedwa ndi madzi kapena mphamvu yakunja, pamene macromolecule otsetsereka amachotsedwa ndi madzi kapena mphamvu yakunja.

Sizingathe kubwerera pamalo ake oyamba, zomwe zimayambitsa makwinya. Pambuyo pokonza utomoni, chovalacho chimakhala cholimba, sichimakwinya mosavuta komanso chimasinthasintha, ndipo chimatha kusita popanda kukanikiza. Kuwonjezera pa kuletsa makwinya, crepe yopangidwa ndi denim imatsukidwa,

Njira yokanikiza crepe imafunanso utomoni kuti ukhazikike, ndipo utomoni ukhoza kusunga mawonekedwe a makwinya osasinthika kwa nthawi yayitali. Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo womaliza utomoni potsuka zovala kuyenera kuphatikizapo mfundo izi: monga ndevu za mphaka za 3D ndi zotsatira za bondo.

Kukonza utoto: Pakadali pano, kampani ya ku Italy ya GARMON & BOZETTO ndi Tanatex yaku Germany akugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu pomaliza RAW effect ya denim, yomwe kampani ya Tanatex imachitanso bwino potsegula.

Njira yosungira utoto ya Smart-Fix yapangidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtundu woyamba wa denim womalizidwa ndi utomoni ukhale ndi mphamvu ngati nsalu yaiwisi yaiwisi popanda chithandizo, ndipo zimathetsa vuto la kusalimba kwa mtundu wa denim woyamba.

Pangani denim popanda kusita. Sinthani kulimba kwa utoto wa zovala. Mu ndondomeko yopaka utoto wa zovala, kulimba kwa utoto wa nsalu pambuyo pa kutentha kochepa nthawi zambiri kumakhala koipa, ndipo tsopano ikhoza kutsukidwa ndi utomoni ndi mafuta, zomwe sizingongowonjezera nsaluyo.

Kulimba kwa utoto wa chovalacho kungachiritsenso zotsatira za kusasinja ndi kukonza nsalu. Mtundu wa zovala zopopera umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popaka utoto wa utomoni ndi mafuta osakaniza kenako utoto wopopera.

 

Chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomaliza utomoni

Di-Methylol Di-Hydroxy Ethylene Urea DMDHEU.

① Mphaka ayenera kukanikiza utomoni wa crepe

Utomoni wapadera wa mphaka wa 3-mu-1: mankhwala olimba a nsalu, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu thonje, thonje ndi mankhwala

Kumaliza ndi nsalu zosakaniza ulusi ndi kukonza denim yokhuthala komanso yopyapyala yokhala ndi ulusi wa thonje.

② Chothandizira chomaliza cha utomoni

③ Woteteza ulusi

④ Zowonjezera kuti ziwonjezere mphamvu ya nsalu

 

Ⅷ wothandizila wotsutsa static

Kuopsa kwa magetsi osasinthasintha

Zovala ndi thupi la munthu zimakoka fumbi mosavuta; Pali kumva kuwawa m'kati mwa zovala zamkati; Ulusi wopangidwa

Nsaluyo imapanga kugunda kwamagetsi.

Zinthu zoletsa kutentha

Woletsa kusinthasintha kwa kutentha P, woletsa kusinthasintha kwa kutentha PK, woletsa kusinthasintha kwa kutentha TM, woletsa kusinthasintha kwa kutentha SN.

 

Ⅸ chofewetsa

1, ntchito ya wofewetsa

Chofewetsa chikagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ulusi ndi kuyamwa, chimatha kukongoletsa pamwamba pa ulusi.

Amayikidwa pamwamba pa nsalu kuti ikhale yofewa. Chofewetsa chimagwira ntchito ngati mafuta omwe amamatira pamwamba pa ulusi ndipo motero amatha kuchepetsa kuyanjana pakati pa ulusiwo pamene akuukweza.

Kusalala kwa ulusi ndi kuyenda kwawo.

① Magwiridwe antchito amakhalabe olimba panthawi yokonza

② Sizingathandize kuchepetsa kuyera ndi kusinthasintha kwa utoto wa zovala

③ Sizingakhale zachikasu ndi zosinthika mtundu zikatenthedwa

④ Pambuyo poisunga kwa kanthawi, singasinthe mtundu ndi momwe imamvekera.

 

2. Zinthu zofewetsa

Madzi ozizira otsekemera, filimu yotentha yosungunuka yopanda ionic, chofewetsa chofewa, chofewetsa chowala, chofewetsa chofewa

Mafuta, mafuta a silikoni oletsa chikasu, chofewetsa choletsa chikasu, mafuta a silikoni olowa, mafuta a silikoni osalala, mafuta a silikoni ophiphiritsa.

 

Ⅹ Choyeretsera kuwala kwa fluorescent

Choyeretsera kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya kuwala kuti awonjezere kuyera kwa nsalu pansi pa dzuwa, motero amatchedwanso choyeretsera kuwala, chomwe chili pafupi ndi utoto wopanda utoto.

Chotsukira cha kuwala chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito potsuka zovala ndi choyera chiyenera kukhala chotsukira thonje, chomwe chimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: chotsukira chabuluu ndi chotsukira chofiira.

 

Ⅺ Mankhwala ena

Chotsukira: Chotsukira mwala pa nsalu zopepuka, chingalowe m'malo mwa mwala wa pumice, kuti chisawononge nsalu ndi zizindikiro za miyala, komanso mikwingwirima.

Ufa wopera miyala: m'malo mwa mwala wa pumice wabwino, zotsatira zake zimakhala bwino kuposa wopera.

Ufa wotsuka mchenga: umapangitsa kuti pamwamba pake pakhale fumbi.

Cholimbitsa: chimalimbitsa kumva kwa makulidwe.

Chopangira fuzz: chimawonjezera kumveka kwa fuzz pa zovala, ndipo chimatha kusungunuka ndi ma enzyme okonzekera. Chophimba: Malinga ndi kulemera ndi zotsatira zomwe zimafunika pa zovala panthawi yogwira ntchito, ndi kuchuluka kosiyana kwa madzi ophimba, Kuphatikiza apo, 10% ya phala lolimba imawonjezedwa kuti ipange mapangidwe osakhazikika m'zigawo za zovala zomwe zimafunika kupopera kapena kugwetsa kapena kukoka ndi cholembera.