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Urea
Ndi organic pawiri wopangidwa ndi mpweya, nayitrogeni, mpweya ndi haidrojeni, mmodzi wa zosavuta organic mankhwala, ndipo waukulu nayitrogeni munali mapeto mankhwala a mapuloteni kagayidwe ndi kuwonongeka kwa nyama ndi nsomba zina, ndi urea apanga ndi ammonia ndi carbon. dioksidi m'makampani nthawi zina.
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Ammonium bicarbonate
Ammonium bicarbonate ndi pawiri woyera, granular, mbale kapena columnar makhiristo, ammonia fungo.Ammonium bicarbonate ndi mtundu wa carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate ali ndi ammonium ion mu njira ya mankhwala, ndi mtundu wa ammonium mchere, ndi mchere wa ammonium sungagwirizane ndi zamchere, kotero ammonium bicarbonate sayenera kuikidwa pamodzi ndi sodium hydroxide kapena calcium hydroxide. .
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Formic acid
Madzi opanda mtundu okhala ndi fungo lonunkhira bwino.Formic acid ndi electrolyte yofooka, imodzi mwazinthu zopangira mankhwala, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala ophera tizilombo, zikopa, utoto, mankhwala ndi mafakitale a labala.Formic asidi angagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji pokonza nsalu, pofufuta zikopa, nsalu kusindikiza ndi utoto ndi wobiriwira chakudya chosungira, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zitsulo pamwamba mankhwala wothandizira, mphira wothandiza ndi zosungunulira mafakitale.
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Phosphoric acid
A wamba inorganic asidi, asidi phosphoric n'zosavuta volatilize, zosavuta kuwola, pafupifupi palibe makutidwe ndi okosijeni, ndi asidi commonness, ndi ternary ofooka asidi, acidity ake ndi ofooka kuposa hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, koma wamphamvu kuposa acetic. asidi, asidi boric, etc. Phosphoric asidi mosavuta deliquified mu mlengalenga, ndi kutentha adzataya madzi kuti pyrophosphoric asidi, ndiyeno zina kutaya madzi kupeza metaphosphate.
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Potaziyamu carbonate
Chinthu chosagwirizana ndi chilengedwe, chosungunuka ngati ufa woyera wa crystalline, wosungunuka m'madzi, alkaline mu njira yamadzimadzi, yosasungunuka mu ethanol, acetone, ndi ether.Wamphamvu hygroscopic, poyera mpweya amatha kuyamwa mpweya woipa ndi madzi, mu potassium bicarbonate.
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Potaziyamu Chloride
Kapangidwe kazinthu kamene kamafanana ndi mchere, wokhala ndi kristalo woyera komanso kukoma kwamchere kwambiri, kosanunkhiza, komanso kopanda poizoni.Zosungunuka m'madzi, etha, glycerol ndi alkali, sungunuka pang'ono mu Mowa, koma osasungunuka mu anhydrous ethanol, hygroscopic, yosavuta kuyika;Kusungunuka m'madzi kumawonjezeka mofulumira ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumayambiranso ndi mchere wa sodium kupanga mchere watsopano wa potaziyamu.
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Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate
Mmodzi wa mchere wa sodium phosphoric acid, ndi inorganic asidi mchere, sungunuka m'madzi, pafupifupi insoluble mu Mowa.Sodium dihydrogen mankwala ndi zopangira kupanga sodium hempetaphosphate ndi sodium pyrophosphate.Ndiwopanda utoto wowoneka bwino wa monoclinic prismatic crystal yokhala ndi kachulukidwe wa 1.52g/cm².
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Dibasic Sodium Phosphate
Ndi imodzi mwa mchere wa sodium wa phosphoric acid.Ndi ufa woyera wonyezimira, wosungunuka m'madzi, ndipo njira yamadzimadzi imakhala yochepa kwambiri ya alkaline.Disodium hydrogen mankwala n'zosavuta nyengo mu mlengalenga, firiji anaika mu mlengalenga kutaya pafupifupi 5 galasi madzi kupanga heptahydrate, usavutike mtima kuti 100 ℃ kutaya zonse galasi madzi mu nkhani anhydrous, kuwola mu sodium pyrophosphate pa 250 ℃.
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Ammonium sulphate
Katundu wachilengedwe, makhiristo opanda mtundu kapena tinthu zoyera, zopanda fungo.Kuwola pamwamba pa 280 ℃.Kusungunuka m'madzi: 70.6g pa 0 ℃, 103.8g pa 100 ℃.Insoluble mu ethanol ndi acetone.Madzi amadzimadzi a 0.1mol/L ali ndi pH ya 5.5.Kachulukidwe wachibale ndi 1.77.Refractive index 1.521.
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Magnesium sulphate
Pagulu lomwe lili ndi magnesium, mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso kuyanika, opangidwa ndi magnesium cation Mg2+ (20.19% ndi misa) ndi sulfate anion SO2−4.White crystalline olimba, sungunuka m'madzi, osasungunuka mu Mowa.Kawirikawiri amakumana ndi mawonekedwe a hydrate MgSO4 · nH2O, pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya n pakati pa 1 ndi 11. Ambiri ndi MgSO4 · 7H2O.
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Ferrous sulfate
Ferrous sulfate ndi zinthu zosawerengeka, crystalline hydrate ndi heptahydrate pa kutentha kwabwinobwino, komwe amadziwika kuti "green alum", kuwala kobiriwira kobiriwira, kopanda mpweya wouma, makutidwe ndi okosijeni a bulauni zofunika chitsulo sulphate mumlengalenga chinyezi, pa 56.6 ℃ kukhala tetrahydrate, pa 65 ℃ kukhala monohydrate.Ferrous sulfate amasungunuka m'madzi ndipo pafupifupi osasungunuka mu Mowa.Njira yake yamadzimadzi imatulutsa okosijeni pang'onopang'ono mumpweya kukakhala kozizira, ndipo imatulutsa okosijeni mwachangu kukatentha.Kuonjezera alkali kapena kukhudzana ndi kuwala kumatha kufulumizitsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni.Kachulukidwe wachibale (d15) ndi 1.897.
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Ammonium Chloride
Ammonium salt ya hydrochloric acid, makamaka zopangidwa ndi mafakitale amchere.Nayitrogeni wa 24% ~ 26%, makristalo oyera kapena achikasu pang'ono kapena octahedral ang'onoang'ono, ufa ndi granular mitundu iwiri ya mlingo, granular ammonium chloride sizovuta kuyamwa chinyezi, zosavuta kusunga, ndi ufa wa ammonium chloride umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati maziko. feteleza wopangira feteleza wapawiri.Ndi fetereza ya asidi ya thupi, yomwe sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthaka ya acidic ndi nthaka ya saline-alkali chifukwa cha chlorine yambiri, ndipo sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza wa mbeu, feteleza wa mmera kapena feteleza wamasamba.
