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Urea
Ndi organic pawiri wopangidwa ndi mpweya, nayitrogeni, mpweya ndi haidrojeni, mmodzi wa zosavuta organic mankhwala, ndipo waukulu nayitrogeni munali mapeto mankhwala a mapuloteni kagayidwe ndi kuwonongeka kwa nyama ndi nsomba zina, ndi urea apanga ndi ammonia ndi carbon. dioksidi m'makampani nthawi zina.
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Ammonium bicarbonate
Ammonium bicarbonate ndi pawiri woyera, granular, mbale kapena columnar makhiristo, ammonia fungo.Ammonium bicarbonate ndi mtundu wa carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate ali ndi ammonium ion mu njira ya mankhwala, ndi mtundu wa ammonium mchere, ndi mchere wa ammonium sungagwirizane ndi zamchere, kotero ammonium bicarbonate sayenera kuikidwa pamodzi ndi sodium hydroxide kapena calcium hydroxide. .
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Potaziyamu carbonate
Chinthu chosagwirizana ndi chilengedwe, chosungunuka ngati ufa woyera wa crystalline, wosungunuka m'madzi, alkaline mu njira yamadzimadzi, yosasungunuka mu ethanol, acetone, ndi ether.Wamphamvu hygroscopic, poyera mpweya amatha kuyamwa mpweya woipa ndi madzi, mu potassium bicarbonate.
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Potaziyamu Chloride
Kapangidwe kazinthu kamene kamafanana ndi mchere, wokhala ndi kristalo woyera komanso kukoma kwamchere kwambiri, kosanunkhiza, komanso kopanda poizoni.Zosungunuka m'madzi, etha, glycerol ndi alkali, sungunuka pang'ono mu Mowa, koma osasungunuka mu anhydrous ethanol, hygroscopic, yosavuta kuyika;Kusungunuka m'madzi kumawonjezeka mofulumira ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumayambiranso ndi mchere wa sodium kupanga mchere watsopano wa potaziyamu.
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Ferrous sulfate
Ferrous sulfate ndi zinthu zosawerengeka, crystalline hydrate ndi heptahydrate pa kutentha kwabwinobwino, komwe amadziwika kuti "green alum", kuwala kobiriwira kobiriwira, kopanda mpweya wouma, makutidwe ndi okosijeni a bulauni zofunika chitsulo sulphate mumlengalenga chinyezi, pa 56.6 ℃ kukhala tetrahydrate, pa 65 ℃ kukhala monohydrate.Ferrous sulfate amasungunuka m'madzi ndipo pafupifupi osasungunuka mu Mowa.Njira yake yamadzimadzi imatulutsa okosijeni pang'onopang'ono mumpweya kukakhala kozizira, ndipo imatulutsa okosijeni mwachangu kukatentha.Kuonjezera alkali kapena kukhudzana ndi kuwala kumatha kufulumizitsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni.Kachulukidwe wachibale (d15) ndi 1.897.
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Ammonium Chloride
Ammonium salt ya hydrochloric acid, makamaka zopangidwa ndi mafakitale amchere.Nayitrogeni wa 24% ~ 26%, makristalo oyera kapena achikasu pang'ono kapena octahedral ang'onoang'ono, ufa ndi granular mitundu iwiri ya mlingo, granular ammonium chloride sizovuta kuyamwa chinyezi, zosavuta kusunga, ndi ufa wa ammonium chloride umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati maziko. feteleza wopangira feteleza wapawiri.Ndi fetereza ya asidi ya thupi, yomwe sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthaka ya acidic ndi nthaka ya saline-alkali chifukwa cha chlorine yambiri, ndipo sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza wa mbeu, feteleza wa mmera kapena feteleza wamasamba.
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Magnesium Chloride
Chinthu chopangidwa ndi 74.54% chlorine ndi 25.48% magnesium ndipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi mamolekyu asanu ndi limodzi amadzi a crystalline, MgCl2.6H2O.Monoclinic crystal, kapena mchere, amakhala ndi zowononga zina.Magnesium oxide amapangidwa pamene madzi ndi hydrogen chloride zimatayika pakutentha.Kusungunuka pang'ono mu acetone, kusungunuka m'madzi, ethanol, methanol, pyridine.Imadya ndi kuyambitsa utsi mumlengalenga wonyowa, ndipo imatsika pakatentha koyera mumtsinje wa hydrogen.
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4 A Zeolite
Ndi chilengedwe cha alumino-silicic acid, mchere wamchere pakuyaka, chifukwa cha madzi mkati mwa kristalo amathamangitsidwa, kutulutsa chodabwitsa chofanana ndi kuwira ndi kuwira, chomwe chimatchedwa "mwala wowira" mu fano, wotchedwa "zeolite". ”, yogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira cha phosphate-free detergent, m'malo mwa sodium tripolyphosphate;Mu mafuta ndi mafakitale ena, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuyanika, kutaya madzi m'thupi ndi kuyeretsa mpweya ndi zakumwa, komanso monga chothandizira ndi chofewa madzi.
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Citric Acid
Ndilofunika organic acid, colorless galasi, odorless, ali wamphamvu wowawasa kukoma, mosavuta sungunuka m'madzi, makamaka ntchito chakudya ndi chakumwa makampani, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati wowawasa wothandizira, zokometsera wothandizila ndi preservative, zosungira, angagwiritsidwenso ntchito mu mankhwala, zodzikongoletsera makampani monga antioxidant, plasticizer, detergent, anhydrous citric asidi Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito mu makampani chakudya ndi chakumwa.
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Sodium silicate
Sodium silicate ndi mtundu wa silicate wachilengedwe, womwe umadziwika kuti pyrophorine.Na2O · nSiO2 yopangidwa ndi kuponyedwa kowuma ndi yaikulu komanso yowonekera, pamene Na2O · nSiO2 yopangidwa ndi madzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi ndi granular, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokhapokha ikasinthidwa kukhala Na2O · nSiO2 yamadzimadzi.Zinthu zolimba za Na2O · nSiO2 ndi: ① zolimba zambiri, ② ufa olimba, ③ pompopompo sodium silicate, ④ ziro madzi sodium metasilicate, ⑤ sodium pentahydrate metasilicate, ⑥ sodium orthosilicate.
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Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate
Mmodzi wa mchere wa sodium phosphoric acid, ndi inorganic asidi mchere, sungunuka m'madzi, pafupifupi insoluble mu Mowa.Sodium dihydrogen mankwala ndi zopangira popanga sodium hempetaphosphate ndi sodium pyrophosphate.Ndiwopanda utoto wowoneka bwino wa monoclinic prismatic crystal yokhala ndi kachulukidwe wa 1.52g/cm².
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Dibasic Sodium Phosphate
Ndi imodzi mwa mchere wa sodium wa phosphoric acid.Ndi ufa woyera wonyezimira, wosungunuka m'madzi, ndipo njira yamadzimadzi imakhala yochepa kwambiri ya alkaline.Disodium hydrogen mankwala n'zosavuta nyengo mu mlengalenga, firiji anaika mu mlengalenga kutaya pafupifupi 5 galasi madzi kupanga heptahydrate, usavutike mtima kuti 100 ℃ kutaya zonse galasi madzi mu nkhani anhydrous, kuwola mu sodium pyrophosphate pa 250 ℃.
