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Sodium carbonate
phulusa la soda, koma logawidwa ngati mchere, osati alkali.Sodium carbonate ndi ufa woyera, wosakoma komanso wopanda fungo, wosungunuka mosavuta m'madzi, njira yamadzimadzi imakhala yamchere kwambiri, mumlengalenga wonyezimira imatenga chinyezi, gawo la sodium bicarbonate.Kukonzekera kwa sodium carbonate kumaphatikizapo njira yowonjezera ya alkali, ndondomeko ya ammonia alkali, ndondomeko ya Lubran, ndi zina zotero, ndipo imatha kukonzedwanso ndikuyengedwa ndi trona.
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Selenium
Selenium imapanga magetsi ndi kutentha.Mapangidwe amagetsi amasintha kwambiri ndi mphamvu ya kuwala ndipo ndi zinthu za photoconductive.Ikhoza kuchitapo kanthu mwachindunji ndi haidrojeni ndi halogen, ndikuchitapo kanthu ndi chitsulo kuti ipange selenide.
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Potaziyamu carbonate
Chinthu chosagwirizana ndi chilengedwe, chosungunuka ngati ufa woyera wa crystalline, wosungunuka m'madzi, alkaline mu njira yamadzimadzi, yosasungunuka mu ethanol, acetone, ndi ether.Wamphamvu hygroscopic, poyera mpweya amatha kuyamwa mpweya woipa ndi madzi, mu potassium bicarbonate.
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Sodium Sulfate
Sodium sulphate ndi sulphate ndi sodium ion kaphatikizidwe mchere, sodium sulphate sungunuka m'madzi, njira yake si ndale, sungunuka mu glycerol koma osati sungunuka Mowa.Mankhwala ophatikizika, kuyera kwakukulu, tinthu tating'ono ta anhydrous totchedwa sodium ufa.Zoyera, zopanda fungo, zowawa, hygroscopic.Maonekedwe ake ndi opanda mtundu, owonekera, makhiristo akulu kapena makhiristo ang'onoang'ono.Sodium sulphate ndi yosavuta kuyamwa madzi pamene ali ndi mpweya, kuchititsa sodium sulfate decahydrate, wotchedwanso glauborite, amene ali zamchere.
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Sodium silicate
Sodium silicate ndi mtundu wa silicate wachilengedwe, womwe umadziwika kuti pyrophorine.Na2O · nSiO2 yopangidwa ndi kuponyedwa kowuma ndi yaikulu komanso yowonekera, pamene Na2O · nSiO2 yopangidwa ndi madzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi ndi granular, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokhapokha ikasinthidwa kukhala Na2O · nSiO2 yamadzimadzi.Zinthu zolimba za Na2O · nSiO2 ndi: ① zolimba zambiri, ② ufa olimba, ③ pompopompo sodium silicate, ④ ziro madzi sodium metasilicate, ⑤ sodium pentahydrate metasilicate, ⑥ sodium orthosilicate.
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Calcium Chloride
Ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi klorini ndi calcium, owawa pang'ono.Ndi mtundu wa ionic halide, zoyera, zidutswa zolimba kapena tinthu tating'ono kutentha.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo brine pazida za firiji, ma deicing agents ndi desiccant.
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Sodium Chloride
Magwero ake makamaka ndi madzi a m’nyanja, omwe ndi mbali yaikulu ya mchere.Kusungunuka m'madzi, glycerin, kusungunuka pang'ono mu Mowa (mowa), ammonia yamadzi;Insoluble mu hydrochloric acid.Sodium chloride yodetsedwa ndi yonyansa mumlengalenga.Kukhazikika kwake kuli bwino, njira yake yamadzimadzi ndiyopanda ndale, ndipo makampani nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya electrolytic saturated sodium chloride kuti apange hydrogen, chlorine ndi caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) ndi mankhwala ena (omwe amadziwika kuti chlor-alkali industry) Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito smelting ore (electrolytic molten sodium kolorayidi makhiristo kupanga yogwira sodium zitsulo).
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Boric Acid
Ndi ufa wa crystalline woyera, womveka bwino komanso wopanda fungo.Gwero lake la acidic sikupereka ma protoni okha.Chifukwa boron ndi atomu yoperewera ma elekitironi, imatha kuwonjezera ma hydroxide ma ion a mamolekyu amadzi ndikutulutsa ma protoni.Pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zilibe ma elekitironi, mankhwala a polyhydroxyl (monga glycerol ndi glycerol, ndi zina zotero) amawonjezeredwa kuti apange maofesi okhazikika kuti alimbikitse acidity yawo.
