Kodi timadziwa bwanji za zinthu zotsuka thovu zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku?Kodi tinayamba tadzifunsapo: Kodi thovu limagwira ntchito bwanji m'zimbudzi?
N'chifukwa chiyani timakonda kusankha mankhwala frothy?
Kupyolera mu kufananitsa ndi kusanja, posachedwapa tikhoza kuwonetsa choyatsira pamwamba ndi mphamvu yabwino yotulutsa thovu, ndikupezanso lamulo lotulutsa thovu la choyatsira pamwamba: (ps: Chifukwa zopangira zomwezo zimachokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana, ntchito yake ya thovu ndi yosiyana, apa. gwiritsani ntchito zilembo zazikulu zosiyanasiyana kuyimira zida zosiyanasiyanaopanga)
①Pakati mwa zotulutsa, sodium lauryl glutamate imakhala ndi thovu lamphamvu, ndipo disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate ili ndi mphamvu yofooka yotulutsa thovu.
② Ma surfactants ambiri a sulfate, ma amphoteric surfactants ndi osagwiritsa ntchito ma amphoteric ali ndi mphamvu yokhazikika ya thovu, pomwe ma amino acid omwe amakhalapo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu yofooka ya thovu.Ngati mukufuna kupanga zopangira ma amino acid, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma amphoteric kapena osakhala a ionic okhala ndi thovu lamphamvu komanso kukhazikika kwa thovu.
Chithunzi cha mphamvu yotulutsa thobvu ndi mphamvu yokhazikika yotulutsa thobvu ya surfactant yemweyo:
Kodi surfactant ndi chiyani?
A surfactant ndi gulu lomwe lili ndi gulu limodzi lofunikira kwambiri mu molekyulu yake (kutsimikizira kusungunuka kwake m'madzi nthawi zambiri) ndi gulu losagwirizana ndi kugonana lomwe limakhala lochepa kwambiri.Ma surfactants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ma ionic surfactants (kuphatikiza ma cationic surfactants ndi anionic surfactants), ma surfactants omwe si a ionic, ma amphoteric surfactants.
Surface activator ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chopangira thovu.Momwe mungasankhire choyambitsa chapamwamba chokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito amawunikidwa kuchokera pamiyeso iwiri ya magwiridwe antchito a thovu ndi mphamvu yotsitsa.Pakati pawo, kuyeza kwa magwiridwe antchito a thovu kumaphatikizapo magawo awiri: magwiridwe antchito a thovu ndi kukhazikika kwa thovu.
Kuyeza kwa thovu
Kodi timasamala chiyani za thovu?
Ndi basi, kodi kuwira mofulumira?Kodi pali thovu lambiri?Kodi kuwirako kudzatha?
Mafunso awa tidzapeza mayankho mu kutsimikiza ndi kuwunika kwa zopangira
Njira yayikulu yoyesera yathu ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zilipo, molingana ndi njira yoyesera yadziko lonse - Ross-Miles njira (njira yotsimikizira thovu ya Roche) kuti tiphunzire, kudziwa ndikuwonetsa mphamvu yotulutsa thovu ndi kukhazikika kwa thovu la ma surfactants 31 omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri labotale.
Mitu yoyesera: 31 ma surfactants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma laboratories
Zinthu zoyesera: mphamvu yotulutsa thovu ndi mphamvu yokhazikika yotulutsa thobvu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Njira yoyesera: Woyesa thovu wa Roth;Kuwongolera njira yosinthira (njira yofananira ndende, kutentha kosasintha);
Kusiyanitsa
Kukonza deta: lembani kutalika kwa thovu mu nthawi zosiyanasiyana;
Kutalika kwa thovu kumayambiriro kwa 0min ndi mphamvu yotulutsa thovu patebulo, kutalika kwake kumakwera, mphamvu yotulutsa thovu;Kukhazikika kwa kukhazikika kwa thovu kunawonetsedwa mu mawonekedwe a ma chart a thovu kutalika kwa 5min, 10min, 30min, 45min ndi 60min.Kutalikirapo nthawi yokonza chithovu kumapangitsa kuti chithovu chikhale cholimba.
Pambuyo poyesa ndi kujambula, deta yake ikuwonetsedwa motere:
Kupyolera mu kufananitsa ndi kusanja, posachedwapa tikhoza kuwonetsa choyatsira pamwamba ndi mphamvu yabwino yotulutsa thovu, ndikupezanso lamulo lotulutsa thovu la choyatsira pamwamba: (ps: Chifukwa zopangira zomwezo zimachokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana, ntchito yake ya thovu ndi yosiyana, apa. gwiritsani ntchito zilembo zazikulu zosiyanasiyana kuyimira opanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana)
① Pakati pa zotulutsa, sodium lauryl glutamate imakhala ndi thovu lamphamvu, ndipo disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate ili ndi mphamvu yofooka yotulutsa thovu.
② Ma surfactants ambiri a sulfate, ma amphoteric surfactants ndi osagwiritsa ntchito ma amphoteric ali ndi mphamvu yokhazikika ya thovu, pomwe ma amino acid omwe amakhalapo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu yofooka ya thovu.Ngati mukufuna kupanga zopangira ma amino acid, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma amphoteric kapena osakhala a ionic okhala ndi thovu lamphamvu komanso kukhazikika kwa thovu.
Chithunzi cha mphamvu yotulutsa thobvu ndi mphamvu yokhazikika yotulutsa thobvu ya surfactant yemweyo:
Sodium lauryl glutamate
Ammonium lauryl sulphate
Palibe kugwirizana pakati pa kuchita thovu ndi kukhazikika kwa thovu la surfactant yemweyo, komanso kukhazikika kwa thovu kwa woyimilirayo ndikuchita bwino kotulutsa thobvu sikungakhale kwabwino.
Kuyerekeza kukhazikika kwa kuwira kwa ma surfactant osiyanasiyana:
Ps: Kusintha kwachibale = (kutalika kwa thovu pa 0min - kutalika kwa thovu pa 60min) / kutalika kwa thovu pa 0min
Njira zowunikira: Kuchulukira kwakusintha kwachibale, kumachepetsa mphamvu yokhazikika ya kuwira
Kupyolera mu kusanthula kwa bubble chart, tingathe kunena kuti:
① Disodium cocamphoamphodiacetate ili ndi mphamvu yokhazikika ya thovu, pomwe lauryl hydroxyl sulfobetaine ili ndi mphamvu yochepetsetsa ya thovu.
② Mphamvu yokhazikika ya thovu ya lauryl alcohol sulfate surfactants nthawi zambiri imakhala yabwino, ndipo mphamvu yokhazikika ya thovu ya amino acid anionic surfactants nthawi zambiri imakhala yosauka;
Mapangidwe a fomula:
Zitha kuganiziridwa kuchokera ku magwiridwe antchito a thovu ndi kukhazikika kwa thovu la activator yapamtunda kuti palibe lamulo linalake ndi kulumikizana pakati pa ziwirizi, ndiye kuti, kuchita bwino kwa thovu sikutanthauza kukhazikika kwa thovu.Izi zimatipangitsa ife kuwunika zida zopangira surfactant, tiyenera kulingalira zakupereka kusewera kwathunthu ku magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri a surfactant, kuphatikiza koyenera kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya surfactant, kuti tipeze thovu labwino kwambiri.Nthawi yomweyo, imaphatikizidwa ndi ma surfactants omwe ali ndi mphamvu yotsika kwambiri kuti akwaniritse kuyeretsa kwazinthu zonse za thovu ndi mphamvu yotsitsa.
Kuchepetsa mphamvu kuyesa:
Cholinga: Kuwonetsa ma activators omwe ali ndi mphamvu yochepetsetsa, ndikupeza mgwirizano pakati pa katundu wa thovu ndi mphamvu yochepetsera mafuta kupyolera mu kusanthula ndi kuyerekezera.
Njira zowunikira: Tidafanizira zomwe zakhala ndi ma pixel amtundu wa nsalu ya filimuyo isanayambe komanso itatha kutulutsa koyambitsa mlengalenga, kuwerengera mtengo waulendo, ndikupanga index yotsika yamagetsi.Kukwera kwa index, kumapangitsanso mphamvu yochepetsera mafuta.
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pazidziwitso zomwe zili pamwambazi kuti pansi pazimenezi, mphamvu yowonongeka kwambiri ndi ammonium lauryl sulfate, ndipo mphamvu yofooka ya degreasing ndi CMEA iwiri;
Zitha kuganiziridwa kuchokera pamayeso omwe ali pamwambapa kuti palibe kulumikizana kwachindunji pakati pa zinthu za thovu la surfactant ndi mphamvu yake yotsitsa.Mwachitsanzo, ntchito ya thovu ya ammonium lauryl sulfate yokhala ndi mphamvu yochotsa mafuta si yabwino.Komabe, kutulutsa thovu kwa C14-16 olefin sodium sulfonate, yomwe ili ndi mphamvu yochepa yochotsera mafuta, ili patsogolo.
Nanga n’chifukwa chiyani tsitsi lanu likakhala lamafuta kwambiri, limakhala lopanda thovu?(Mukagwiritsa ntchito shampu yemweyo).
Ndipotu izi ndizochitika padziko lonse lapansi.Mukatsuka tsitsi lanu ndi tsitsi lopaka mafuta, thovu limachepetsedwa mofulumira.Kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti ntchito ya thovu ndiyoipitsitsa?Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kodi kuchita bwino kwa thovu, ndikokwanira kuchepetsa mphamvu?
Tikudziwa kale kuchokera kuzomwe zapezedwa ndi kuyesa kuti kuchuluka kwa thovu ndi kulimba kwa thovu kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe a thovu a surfactant palokha, ndiko kuti, zinthu zotulutsa thovu ndi kukhazikika kwa thovu.Kutha kwa decontamination kwa surfactant palokha sikungafooke chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa thovu.Mfundoyi yatsimikiziridwanso pamene tatsiriza kutsimikiza kwa mphamvu yowonongeka ya choyambitsa pamwamba, choyambitsa pamwamba chokhala ndi thovu labwino sichingakhale ndi mphamvu yabwino yochotsera mafuta, ndi mosemphanitsa.
Kuonjezera apo, tikhoza kutsimikiziranso kuti palibe kugwirizana kwachindunji pakati pa thovu ndi surfactant degreasing kuchokera ku mfundo zosiyana zogwirira ntchito ziwirizi.
Ntchito ya thovu la surfactant:
Chithovu ndi mawonekedwe a pamwamba yogwira wothandizira pansi pa mikhalidwe yeniyeni, udindo wake waukulu ndi kupereka njira yoyeretsera omasuka ndi zosangalatsa zinachitikira, kutsatiridwa ndi kuyeretsedwa kwa mafuta kumagwira ntchito yothandiza, kotero kuti mafuta si ophweka kukhazikika kachiwiri pansi. zochita za thovu, mosavuta kutsukidwa kutali.
Mfundo yopangira thovu ndi kuchotsa mafuta a surfactant:
Mphamvu yoyeretsa ya surfactant imachokera ku mphamvu yake yochepetsera kukangana kwapakati pamadzi ndi mafuta (kutsika), m'malo mochepetsa kupsinjika kwapamadzi (kutulutsa thovu).
Monga tanenera kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi, surfactants ndi mamolekyu amphiphilic, omwe ndi hydrophilic ndi ena - hydrophilic.Chifukwa chake, pamlingo wocheperako, surfactant imakonda kukhala pamwamba pamadzi, pomwe kumapeto kwa lipophilic (kudana ndi madzi) kumayang'ana kunja, koyamba kuphimba pamwamba pamadzi, ndiko kuti, mawonekedwe a mpweya wamadzi, motero kuchepetsa. zovuta pa mawonekedwe awa.
Komabe, ndende ikadutsa mfundo imodzi, woyendetsa ndegeyo amayamba kuphatikizika, kupanga ma micelles, ndipo kupsinjika kwapakati sikudzatsikanso.Kuphatikizikaku kumatchedwa kuti micelle concentration.
Kuthekera kotulutsa thovu kwa ma surfactants ndikwabwino, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti zimatha kuchepetsa kusamvana kwapakati pamadzi ndi mpweya, ndipo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwamadzi am'madzi ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malo ochulukirapo (malo onse a gululo). wa thovu ndi wokulirapo kuposa wa madzi abata).
Mphamvu yowonongeka ya surfactant ili mu mphamvu yake yonyowetsa pamwamba pa banga ndikuyiyika, ndiko kuti, "kuvala" mafuta ndikuwalola kuti apangidwe ndi kutsukidwa m'madzi.
Chifukwa chake, kuthekera kochotsa mpweya wa surfactant kumalumikizidwa ndi kuthekera kwake koyambitsa mawonekedwe amadzi amafuta, pomwe kutulutsa thovu kumangoyimira kuthekera kwake koyambitsa mawonekedwe a mpweya wamadzi, ndipo ziwirizi sizigwirizana kwathunthu.Kuonjezera apo, palinso zotsukira zambiri zopanda thovu, monga zodzikongoletsera ndi zodzoladzola zodzoladzola zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamoyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku, zomwe zimakhalanso ndi mphamvu zowonongeka, koma palibe thovu lomwe limapangidwa, ndipo n'zoonekeratu kuti thovu ndi decontamination. sizili chinthu chomwecho.
Kupyolera mu kutsimikiza ndi kuwunika kwa thovu katundu wa surfactant osiyana, tingathe momveka bwino surfactant ndi wapamwamba thovu katundu, ndiyeno mwa kutsimikiza ndi kandalama wa degreasing mphamvu ya surfactant, tiyenera kuchotsa kuipitsa mphamvu ya surfactant.Pambuyo pakuphatikiza uku, perekani masewera onse pazabwino za ma surfactants osiyanasiyana, pangani ma surfactants kuti azitha kuchita bwino kwambiri, ndikupeza kuyeretsa kopambana komanso luso logwiritsa ntchito.Kuphatikiza apo, timazindikiranso kuchokera ku mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya surfactant kuti thovu siligwirizana mwachindunji ndi mphamvu yotsuka, ndipo kuzindikira izi kungatithandize kukhala ndi malingaliro athu komanso kuzindikira tikamagwiritsa ntchito shampu, kuti tisankhe mankhwala oyenera kwa ife.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-17-2024
